Kare rawar da kimiyya ke takawa a matsayin alfanun jama'a a duniya a zamanin gasar siyasa

Kimiyya tana ƙara girma ta hanyar gasa a fannin siyasa, sha'awar da ke tsakanin mutane da kuma fafutukar neman fa'idodin fasaha da albarkatu. Wannan yana rage ƙarfin kimiyya na yi wa al'ummomi hidima da kuma magance ƙalubalen da duniya ke fuskanta, yayin da yake ƙara ƙarfafa siyasa da kuma biyayya ga manufofi da buƙatu na musamman.

Kimiyya ta zama sanadin waɗannan ci gaban kuma ƙarfin da zai iya ƙara ta'azzara rikice-rikice da tashin hankali. Gasar da ake yi a yanzu a kan manyan fasahohi (gami da tseren makamai na soja) tana nuna yanayi biyu na amfani da ilimin kimiyya. A wannan mahallin, rawar da kimiyya ta taka a matsayin amfanin jama'a na duniya[1], wata albarkatu da aka raba wadda ke amfanar kowa kuma take ci gaba da kasancewa a bayyane, tana cikin haɗarin raguwar gasa ta dabaru da rarrabuwar kawuna a fannin siyasa.

Yayin da tsoma bakin siyasa da akida ke ƙara tsara ajandar bincike da sakamakonsa, amfani da shaidar kimiyya wajen tsara manufofi yana ƙara gurɓata. Ƙaruwar siyasa da rarrabuwar kawuna a tsarin kimiyya suna takaita haɗin gwiwa da raba bayanai a hankali, yayin da suke ƙara rashin daidaito ga samun ilimin kimiyya. A lokaci guda, fifita fifikon manufofin siyasa da na siyasa yana haɓaka al'adun rashin haɗin kai na kimiyya da kuma hanzarta rushe ikon masu bincike na gudanar da bincike cikin 'yanci, kuma, a wasu yanayi, cikin alhaki.[2]

Babu wani tsarin kimiyya da ya tsira daga matsin lamba, ko na ciki ko na waje. Takamaiman yadda ake gudanar da kimiyya da kuma raba ta ba a takaita su ga yanayi masu rauni ko na rikici ba, amma a bayyane suke a dukkan yankuna da dukkan matakan karfin kimiyya. Sabbin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan sun nuna cewa tsoma bakin siyasa yanzu yana shafar tsarin bincike da aka yi zaton an killace shi daga irin wannan matsin lamba. Ci gaban da aka samu game da 'yancin ilimi a duniya, wanda ya hada da raunana 'yancin kai na hukumomi, yana nuna barazana ga ikon kimiyya na yin magana a fadin iyakoki da iyakoki. Rikice-rikice masu tsawo sun lalata kayayyakin bincike na kasa kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga tsawaitaccen tsarin asarar baiwa.[3] Korar masana kimiyya da asarar aikinsu yana daya daga cikin manyan barazanar da yanayin bincikenmu na duniya ke fuskanta,[4] [5] [6] kuma yana kara karuwa a fadin Yamma. Rushewar tsarin bincike na kasa, wanda hare-haren kai tsaye kan cibiyoyi da ma'aikata ke haifarwa, makamin yaki ne. A nan gaba, dole ne, a matsayinmu na al'ummar kimiyya mai alaka da duniya, mu gina ingantattun hanyoyin kariya da murmurewa.[7]

Kalubalen da al'ummominmu suka fi fuskanta, kamar sauyin yanayi, lalacewar muhalli, barazanar lafiyar jama'a, katsewar fasaha da rikici, za su amfana daga dabarun kariya iri ɗaya. Martanin waɗannan ƙalubalen duniya ya dogara ne da ilimin kimiyya mai zaman kansa, mai gaskiya da kuma wanda ake da shi a duniya da kuma fahimtar juna. Hangen nesa na duniya na kula da matsaloli fiye da iyakokin ƙasa da na yanki yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, domin tsarin kimiyya mai rarrabuwa ko ƙuntatawa ba zai iya biyan waɗannan buƙatun ba. Dole ne masana kimiyya su yi aiki tare don gane, karewa da kuma kare haƙƙin dukkan mutane na shiga da kuma amfana da kimiyya.[8]

Wannan haƙƙin yana samar da tsari mai ma'ana da aiki don fahimtar da magance ƙalubalen da aka gabatar a sama ta hanyar tabbatar da haƙƙin samun dama ga ilimin kimiyya na duniya baki ɗaya da kuma ba da gudummawa ga ilimin kimiyya bisa ga alhaki da kuma wajibai da ƙasashe ke riƙe don ba da damar irin waɗannan yanayi. Yana haɗa harkar kimiyya da manufofin dorewa, daidaito da walwala a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Ta hanyar jaddada cewa ya kamata a ɗauki kayayyakin more rayuwa na kimiyya (farar hula) da ma'aikata, aƙalla, a matsayin waɗanda aka kare maimakon waɗanda aka sa a gaba bisa halal, ta fahimci cewa dawo da ƙarfin kimiyya bayan hare-hare yana da mahimmanci ga walwala da kwanciyar hankali na ƙasa, yanki da ƙasa da ƙasa.

Ana buƙatar ɗaukar mataki cikin gaggawa don kare yanayin da za a iya amfani da haƙƙin shiga da kuma cin gajiyar kimiyya gaba ɗaya, wanda kuma kimiyya za ta iya aiki a matsayin amfanin jama'a a duniya. Wannan yana nufin:

• cewa Membobin ISC su yi hulɗa da takwarorinsu da gwamnatoci don kare 'yancin kimiyya da mutunci daga tsangwama ta siyasa, akida da rashin dacewa da tsaro[9];
• cewa gwamnatoci da masu ruwa da tsaki a fannin kimiyya na yankuna da na bangarori daban-daban su yi aiki don ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa a ƙasashen duniya yayin da suke magance matsalolin tsaro na gaskiya ta hanyar da ta dace;
• cewa kare masana kimiyya, bayanai da kayayyakin more rayuwa na bincike, musamman a cikin yanayi na rikici, rikici ko rashin zaman lafiya, ana fifita shi ta amfani da hanyoyin da suka dace don shiri da sake ginawa[10].

Waɗannan muhimman abubuwan sun haɗa da tabbatar da cewa an saka shaidar kimiyya a cikin tsarin yanke shawara tsakanin ɓangarori daban-daban[11]. A cikin duniyar da ke dogaro da juna, inda shawarwari ke da sakamako tsakanin ƙasashe, kare kimiyya mai zaman kanta, mai alhaki, mai buɗewa da haɗin gwiwa a duniya yana da mahimmanci ga amfani da ikon mallaka mai alhaki. Ilimin kimiyya mai mahimmanci don ci gaba da kare al'ummomin duniya bai kamata ya zama ƙarƙashin muradun ƙasa masu kunkuntar ba.

Kimiyya tana ba da babbar darajarta, gami da gudanar da harkokin gama gari na duniya, lokacin da take aiki a matsayin kamfani na haɗin gwiwa da kuma ƙoƙarin duniya na gaske; lokacin da take samar da ilimi, kirkire-kirkire da kuma taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin duniya.[12] A lokaci guda, tsarin kimiyya na duniya dole ne ya daidaita da gaskiyar gasa ta siyasa ba tare da yin watsi da ƙa'idodin buɗewa, haɗin gwiwa da 'yancin kai na kimiyya ba.

References

[1] Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Kimiyya a matsayin Al'adar Jama'a ta Duniya. 2021; da kuma Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Ra'ayoyin Zamani Kan 'Yanci da Nauyi a Kimiyya. 2021. https://council.science/our-work/freedom-and-responsibility-in-science/

[2] Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Ka'idodin 'Yanci da Nauyi a Kimiyya. 2022. https://council.science/freedom-and-responsibility-in-science/

[3] Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Tallafawa Masana Kimiyyar Falasdinawa Masu Haɗari da waɗanda Aka Kora Daga Gidaje. 2024. https://council.science/news/supporting-at-risk-and-displaced-palestinian-scientists/

[4] Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Ilmin Kimiyya Ya Rasa RikiciBlog, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/storyworks/unlocking-science/the-scientific-knowledge-being-lost-to-conflict

[5] Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Tallafawa Masana Kimiyyar Falasdinawa Masu Haɗari da waɗanda Aka Kora Daga Gidaje. 2024. https://council.science/news/supporting-at-risk-and-displaced-palestinian-scientists/

[6] Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Sanarwa Kan Sudan. 2023. https://council.science/blog/statement-sudan/

[7] Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Kare Kimiyya a Lokacin Matsaloli: Ta Yaya Za Mu Daina Yin Mai da Hankali Mu Kuma Mu Kasance Masu Aiki da Hankali? 2023. https://council.science/publications/protecting-science-in-times-of-crisis/

[8] Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Hakkin Shiga da kuma Amfana daga Kimiyya: Fassarar ISC. 2024. https://council.science/our-work/right-to-science/

[9] Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Ka'idodin 'Yanci da Nauyi a Kimiyya. 2022.

[10] Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Kare Kimiyya a Lokacin Rikici. 2023; da kuma Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Kimiyya a Zamanin Rikici albarkatun aikin.

[11] Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Kimiyya a matsayin Al'adar Jama'a ta Duniya. 2021. https://council.science/publications/science-as-a-global-public-good/
Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Bayani kan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙasashe da kuma haɗarin duniya.

[12] Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC). Haɗin gwiwar Kimiyya na Duniya: Muhimmanci Amma Mai Rauni. Sanarwa, Yuni 2025. https://council.science/statements/international-scientific-collaboration-vital-yet-vulnerable/

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