Manyan bayanai guda goma a kimiyyar yanayi daga shekarar da ta gabata

Abubuwan da aka zaɓa sun nuna girman raguwar fitar da hayaki da ake buƙata don saduwa da Yarjejeniyar Paris, kuma suna ba da shawarar cewa ta hanyar amfani da damar samun koren murmurewa daga COVID-19 ne gwamnatoci za su iya fatan samun hanyar fitar da iska mai dacewa da Paris. Sakamakon binciken an yi niyya ne don taimakawa wajen sanar da matakan gaggawa na gama gari game da rikicin yanayi da ke gudana.

“Sabuwar fahimta daga kimiyyar yanayi sun jadada bukatar gaggawa na gina al’ummomin bil’adama masu dorewa da juriya. Mafi mahimmanci, rahoton ya gano damar yin aiki da za a iya ɗauka a yanzu, tare da sabbin ra'ayoyi kan tattalin arziƙin sauyin yanayi, gudanar da mulki da kuma kayan aiki na shari'ar yanayi."

Farfesa Eleanor Fisher, Shugaban Bincike, Nordic Africa Institute, kuma Jagora na Canje-canje zuwa Dorewa shirin 'Gold Matters' aikin

Rahoton ya rage damuwar cewa tsarin yanayi zai fi kula da carbon dioxide fiye da yadda ake zato a baya, wanda aka taso a sakamakon sabbin nau'ikan yanayi da aka buga daga shekarar 2019 zuwa gaba, amma kuma ya kebe kewayon ƙarancin yanayin yanayi. Wannan yana nufin cewa al'amuran tare da ƙananan CO₂ Ragewar ba shi da wuya a cimma manufofin yarjejeniyar Paris. Rahoton ya kuma yi nuni da abubuwa da dama da suka shafi kasada, da suka hada da fitar da iska daga permafrost, damuwa game da raunata shan iskar Carbon a cikin yanayin kasa, da kuma tasirin sauyin yanayi kan ruwa mai dadi da lafiyar kwakwalwa.

"Wannan jeri wani muhimmin bangare ne na manufarmu don samun sabbin kimiyya ga masu yanke shawara a cikin tsari mai sauki don taimakawa hanzarta sauyawa zuwa dorewa. Tabarbarewar gobarar daji, da guguwa mai kara karfi, har ma da annobar da ke ci gaba da tabarbarewa, duk alamu ne da ke nuna cewa dangantakarmu da dabi'a tana tabarbarewa, tare da haifar da kisa."

Wendy Broadgate, Daraktan Hub na Duniya na nan gaba, Sweden

Za a gabatar da rahoton yau ga Patricia Espinosa, Sakatariyar Zartarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC). The 10 Sabbin Haskoki a Kimiyyar Yanayi 2020 Gamayyar manyan masu bincike 57 ne suka shirya rahoton daga kasashe 21. Yana daga cikin jerin rahotannin da ake bugawa kowace shekara tun daga 2017 a matsayin haɗin gwiwa na Future Earth, the Earth League, and World Climate Research Program (WCRP).

"Don tinkarar sauyin yanayi a nan gaba, muna buƙatar cikakken sani game da yadda tsarin yanayi ke aiki, kuma dole ne a samar da bayanai masu dacewa game da sauyin yanayi na yanki zuwa gida da tasirinsa. Wannan rahoto ya ba da misalai da dama na ci gaba mai mahimmanci a bangarorin biyu."

Detlef Stammer, Farfesa a Jami'ar Hamburg da kuma hadin gwiwar Kwamitin Kimiyya na Jami'ar Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya

Manyan bayanai guda goma a kimiyyar yanayi daga 2020 sune:

1. Ingantacciyar fahimtar fahimtar duniya ga ƙarfin carbon dioxide goyon baya ga babban ragi don saduwa da Yarjejeniyar Paris: Halin yanayin yanayi ga carbon dioxide - nawa yanayin zafi ya tashi tare da ƙayyadadden haɓakar hayaki - yanzu an fi fahimta sosai. Wannan sabon ilimin ya nuna cewa matsakaiciyar raguwar hayaki ba ta da yuwuwar cimma manufofin yanayi na Paris fiye da yadda aka zata a baya.
2. Fitowa daga narke permafrost na iya zama mafi muni fiye da yadda ake tsammani: Fitar da iskar gas daga permafrost zai fi girma fiye da hasashen da aka yi a baya saboda matakan narke ba zato ba tsammani, waɗanda har yanzu ba a haɗa su cikin yanayin yanayin duniya ba.
3. Dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi na iya kaiwa kololuwar ɗaukar carbon: Tsarin yanayin ƙasa a halin yanzu yana jawo kashi 30% na hayaƙin CO2 na ɗan adam saboda tasirin CO2 akan tsirrai. Yanke dazuzzukan duniya na dazuzzukan dazuzzukan duniya na sa su koma matsayin dazuzzuka.
4. Canjin yanayi zai tsananta matsalar ruwa sosai: Sabbin bincike na ƙwazo sun nuna cewa sauyin yanayi ya riga ya haifar da matsanancin hazo ( ambaliyar ruwa da fari), kuma waɗannan matsananciyar saitunan suna haifar da rikicin ruwa. Tasirin waɗannan rikice-rikicen ruwa ba su da daidaituwa sosai, wanda ke haifar da shi kuma yana ƙara haɓaka jinsi, samun kudin shiga, da rashin daidaiton zamantakewar zamantakewa.
5. Canjin yanayi na iya shafar lafiyar kwakwalwarmu sosai: Haɗawa da haɗaɗɗun haɗari suna ba da gudummawa ga damuwa da damuwa. Ƙaddamarwa da kiyaye sararin samaniya mai launin shuɗi da kore a cikin manufofin tsara birane da kuma kare yanayin muhalli da rayayyun halittu a cikin yanayin halitta suna da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya tare da samar da juriya.
6. Gwamnatoci ba sa amfani da damar don murmurewa daga COVID-19: Gwamnatoci a duk faɗin duniya suna tara sama da dalar Amurka tiriliyan 12 don murmurewa cutar ta COVID-19. A matsayin kwatankwacin, saka hannun jari na shekara-shekara da ake buƙata don hanyar fitar da hayaki mai dacewa da Paris an kiyasta ya kai dalar Amurka tiriliyan 1.4.
7. COVID-19 da canjin yanayi suna nuna buƙatar sabuwar kwangilar zamantakewa: Barkewar cutar ta bayyana gazawar gwamnatoci da cibiyoyin kasa da kasa don tinkarar hadarin kan iyaka.
8. Ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan haɓaka zai kawo cikas ga Paris Yarjejeniyar: Dabarar dawo da COVID-19 dangane da haɓaka ta farko kuma dorewa ta biyu mai yuwuwa ta gaza cimma yarjejeniyar Paris.
9. Ƙaddamar da wutar lantarki a cikin birane yana da mahimmanci don kawai ci gaba mai dorewa: Ana iya fahimtar wutar lantarki a birane a matsayin hanya mai dorewa don rage talauci ta hanyar samarwa sama da mutane biliyan nau'ikan makamashi na zamani, amma kuma a matsayin hanyar da za ta maye gurbin makamashi mai tsafta ga ayyukan da ake da su wadanda ke haifar da sauyin yanayi da gurbatar yanayi.
10. Zuwa kotu don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na iya zama muhimmin matakin sauyin yanayi: Ta hanyar shari'ar yanayi, fahimtar shari'a game da wane ko abin da ke da haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin da ba a haifa ba, da abubuwan halitta, da kuma waɗanda za su iya wakiltar su a kotu.

Yayin da rahoton ya tabbatar da ci gaba da inganta muhimman tasirin muhalli, ya kuma yi nuni da damammaki da ke tasowa daga sabbin fahimta kan tattalin arziki da harkokin mulki na sauyin yanayi, da kuma yiwuwar yin amfani da kararrakin yanayi.

Biyo ƙaddamar da rahoton kai tsaye daga 17:00 CET:

2021 za ta kasance shekara mai mahimmanci don yin aiki idan duniya na son cimma burin yarjejeniyar Paris da kuma kiyaye yanayin yanayin ɗan adam.

Za mu bi muhawarar tare da tattara ra'ayoyin ƙwararru daga al'ummomin kimiyya da manufofi a cikin jerin shirye-shiryenmu masu gudana yin 2021 shekara don canji na gaske.

Nemo ƙarin bayani game da manyan bayanai guda goma a kimiyyar yanayi:

• shiga ƙaddamar da rahoton daga 17:00 CET ranar Laraba, 27 ga Janairu, 2021;
• Read cikakken rahoton 10 Sabbin Haskoki a Kimiyyar Yanayi 2020;
• Rahoton shine takaitacciyar labarin da aka yi bita na tsarawa: Pihl et al., (2021). 10 Sabbin Hazaka a Kimiyyar Yanayi 2020 - Binciken Horizon, Global dorewa https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2021.2;
• download da cikakken sakin latsa don mahimman lambobi da ƙarin ƙididdiga.
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