Binciken kimiyya ya dade yana zama kamfani mai sarrafa kansa. Gwamnatoci, masu ba da kuɗi da jami'o'i na iya, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, sun ba da fifiko ga binciken kimiyya, amma masana kimiyya da kansu sun ƙaddara yadda ya kamata a gudanar da bincike. A cikin tsari sun ƙirƙira da kula da ƙungiyoyin nasu: ƙungiyoyin koyo, makarantu, da cibiyoyi a cikin tsarin sassauƙa na jami'o'insu. Ka'idodin tsarin kai sun kasance sun dore duk da cewa gwamnatoci sun ƙara fahimtar darajar kimiyya wajen haɓaka manufofin ƙasa. Filayen fayyace na gama gari, kuma wasu lokuta a bayyane, wuraren sun kasance cewa yayin da gwamnatoci na iya bayyana abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da kuma saita kasafin kuɗi, yanke shawara kan yadda ake kashe albarkatun, da yadda aka tsara bincike ya fi dacewa ga masu bincike, da ba wa masana kimiyya 'yancin bin wahayinsu. ita ce hanya mafi kyawu don ƙara samun riba kan jarin al'umma a cikin bincike. Don haka, ƙungiyar zamantakewar ƙoƙarin kimiyya don magance ƙara rikitarwa, matsaloli na tsaka-tsaki ko manyan abubuwan bincike na dabarun an bar su ga masu bincike. Wannan ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta bunƙasa ta hanyar da za ta ci gaba da haifar da tashin hankali tsakanin, a gefe guda, gasa don daraja da kudade, a daya bangaren kuma, haɗin gwiwa don samun zurfin fahimtar fahimtar juna. Ma'auni ne na direbobin da suka yi wa kasuwancin hidima da kyau, ko a matakin daidaikun mutane, tsarin kimiyyar ƙasa ko haɗin gwiwar kimiyyar ƙasa da ƙasa, yayin da kuma ke biyan bukatun masu ruwa da tsaki.
Juyin juya halin dijital mai gudana na shekarun baya-bayan nan ya haifar da sabon tushe ga masana kimiyya don samun dama, sarrafa da kuma sadarwa bayanai, metadata, bayanai, da ilimin farko, da kuma yin hasashe, muhawara, sakewa, kwafi, ingantawa da karyatawa. Ya taimaka sosai wajen gudanar da bincike a hanyar sadarwa ta duniya, ingantacciyar hanyar raba bayanai, da samun damar yin amfani da bayanan kimiyya kai tsaye, gami da dabarun gano ilimi kai tsaye, bisa ga ka'ida ta kowa, ta yadda za a inganta kima da ma'auni na samar da ilimi. Ko da yake Buɗaɗɗen Kimiyya ba sabon abu ba ne, ya samo asali ne daga buga mujallolin kimiyya na farko a ƙarshen karni na sha bakwai, manyan sabbin damar dijital sun ƙarfafa al'ummomin kimiyya don ci gaba da balaga da haɓaka mahimman abubuwan sabon motsi na Kimiyyar Budaɗi. Yana kara wayewar ilimi da zamantakewa wajen neman ilimi, yada shi da amfaninsa. Mahimmanci ga wannan sabon tsari sune dabi'un tarihi na tsarin ilimin kimiyya, ka'idodin 'yanci da alhakin, samun dama da rabawa na duniya, haɗa kai da daidaito, tare da alhakin ilimi da haɓaka iya aiki, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin ƙa'idodin Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC) ) kuma a cikin hangen nesa na "kimiyya a matsayin amfanin jama'a na duniya" [1]. Faɗaɗɗen hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa na wannan sabon buɗewa an misalta su a cikin yanayin haɓakar rubuce-rubucen kimiyya na ƙasa da ƙasa, haɓaka haɗin gwiwar canji da na kimiyyar ɗan ƙasa.
Tsarin wannan sabon tsarin ya sami nasara sosai ta hanyar ayyukan makarantun kasa, ƙungiyoyin kimiyya da ƙungiyoyi na ƙasa da ƙasa, da kuma ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa waɗanda ke wakilci a cikin membobin ISC, kuma sun nuna a cikin bayaninsa game da Buɗaɗɗen Kimiyya. [2]. Masu ba da kuɗaɗen kimiyya na ƙasa da na yanki sun ƙara tallafawa buɗaɗɗen Kimiyya ta hanyar saka hannun jari a cikin abubuwan tallafi da haɓaka buɗaɗɗen samun damar buɗaɗɗe a matsayin sharaɗin kuɗi.
Yanzu UNESCO ta dauki matsayi. Yana neman tsara waɗannan abubuwan a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar ba da shawara kan Buɗaɗɗen Kimiyya a gaban Membobinta 193 don amincewa da su. [3]. Ya yi hulɗa tare da al'ummar kimiyya a cikin shekarar da ta gabata don samar da dogon jerin shawarwari don buɗe damar yin amfani da rikodin kimiyya da aka buga, buɗaɗɗen bayanai, buɗe albarkatun ilimi, buɗaɗɗen software da lambar, buɗaɗɗen kayan aiki da abubuwan more rayuwa, da buɗewa. dangantaka da al'umma. Tuntubar da daftarin na farko da gaskiyar siyasa, a matsayin wakilan kasa, ya faru ne a farkon watan Mayun 2021. Wakilai sun kasance kusan goyon bayan duniya baki daya, har ma sun kara “cizo” kan wasu muhimman batutuwa. Misali, ana samun karuwar wayar da kan yunƙurin wasu manyan masu buga tallace-tallace na kasuwanci don rikiɗa zuwa “hanyoyin kimiyya/ilimi” masu fa'ida, waɗanda ke da ikon sarrafa ba kawai damar samun ilimin kimiyya ba har ma da bayanai game da kimiyya da masana kimiyya, kimanta su. scientometrics, gudanarwa, hanyar sadarwa, fifiko da kudade, tare da ɗan lissafi ga al'ummar kimiyya ko ƙungiyoyinta [4a, ba 4 b]. Lallai, sashen kasuwanci na jama'a ya kasance mafi inganci wajen samun kuɗin fito na ilimi, ƙirƙirar oligopoly na sarrafawa, kuma yana koyon yadda ake ɗaukar iko akan ƙarin fannoni na tsarin rayuwar bincike, yanzu musamman an mai da hankali kan hulɗar da ke tsakanin bugu, wuraren ajiyar bayanai, da samun damar bayanai. An bayyana fahimtar waɗannan abubuwan a cikin wani muhimmin sakawa a cikin rubutun da ƙasashe membobin UNESCO suka yi cewa: “Ya kamata a kiyaye sa ido kan Buɗaɗɗen Kimiyya a ƙarƙashin kulawar jama'a, gami da al'ummar kimiyya, kuma a duk lokacin da zai yiwu a tallafa musu ta hanyar buɗaɗɗen kayan aikin da ba na mallaka ba. . Wannan yanayin sa ido zai iya haɗawa amma bai kamata a ba da shi ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ba."
Shawarar ta UNESCO da yuwuwar tsoma baki daga kasashe membobi na iya bunkasa ta hanyoyi biyu masu mabambanta. Za su iya haɓaka goyon bayan gwamnati ga al'ummar kimiyya, da kuma tsarin mahalli na masu ruwa da tsaki wanda ke cikinsa, yayin da suke haɓaka sabbin manufofi, abubuwan more rayuwa da dabarun haɗin gwiwar da ke ba da damar Buɗaɗɗen Ilimin Kimiyya kamar yadda ya sami ci gaba cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. A madadin, Membobin Kasashe na iya yin watsi da al'adar da al'ummar kimiyya ke tsara kansu don cimma manufofinta, kuma su zo tantance, ko ma tsara yadda ya kamata a tsara ta. Muna goyon bayan tsohon, kuma muna damuwa game da yuwuwar na ƙarshen, wanda zai iya haifar da yanayin Buɗaɗɗen Kimiyya wanda zai buɗe kofa: "don kama ƙimar bincike na jama'a ta dandamalin kasuwanci, duk da haka ƙarin 'ma'auni' na yawan aiki. don 'ƙarfafa' malamai don yin aiki tuƙuru da mai da hankali kan tsarin ci gaban kimiyya, yin watsi da farashi da fa'idodi ga mutane, ko masana kimiyya ko waɗanda ba masana kimiyya ba. [5]. Duk da haka, muna maraba da daftarin shawarar UNESCO, tare da sharhin cewa wayar da kan haɗari shine matakin farko na kawar da shi.
Wakilin ISC zuwa taron Kwamitin Musamman na UNESCO akan Budaddiyar Kimiyya, 6-12 Mayu 2021:
Bayanan rubutu:
1 https://council.science/actionplan/isc-vision-and-mission/
2 https://council.science/actionplan/open-science/
3 https://en.unesco.org/science-sustainable-future/open-science/recommendation
4 https://infrastructure.sparcopen.org/landscape-analysis da kuma https://council.science/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2020-02-19-Opening-the-record-of-science.pdf
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