Masana sun yi gargadin sauye-sauyen yanayin muhalli na barazana ga ci gaba

"Sai ta hanyar fahimtar muhalli da yadda yake aiki, za mu iya yanke shawarar da suka dace don kare shi. Ta hanyar kimanta dukkan albarkatun kasa masu daraja da na dan Adam ne kawai za mu iya fatan gina makoma mai dorewa,” in ji Kofi Annan, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a cikin sakon kaddamar da rahotannin MA. "Kimanin Tsarin Muhalli na Millennium gudummawa ce da ba a taba ganin irin ta ba ga manufarmu ta duniya don ci gaba, dorewa da zaman lafiya."

A nasa bangaren, Darakta Janar na UNESCO, Koïchiro Matsuura ya bayyana cewa: “Kalubalen tabbatar da makomar muhallinmu yana da matukar muhimmanci kuma ya shafe mu duka, ko muna aiki a fannin ilimi, kimiyya, al'adu ko sadarwa. Dole ne mu hada kai a matakin kasa da kasa da na kasa don tabbatar da cewa an kula da sakamakon binciken da aka yi a cikin nazarin yanayin muhalli na Millennium kuma mu takaita barnar da aka yi a kan yanayin halitta.”

A birnin Paris, babban daraktan hukumar kula da kimiyya ta kasa da kasa (ICSU), Thomas Rosswall da Salvatore Arico, na sashen nazarin halittu da duniya na UNESCO, da memba na hukumar da ke kula da binciken ne suka gabatar da binciken a UNESCO.

Ko da yake shaidun ba su cika ba, akwai isa ga ƙwararrun don yin gargaɗin cewa ci gaba da lalacewa na 15 daga cikin ayyukan 24 da aka bincika - ciki har da ruwa mai tsabta, kama kifi, tsarin iska da ruwa, da kuma daidaita yanayin yanki, hatsarori da kwari - yana ƙaruwa da yuwuwar sauye-sauyen ba zato ba tsammani waɗanda za su yi tasiri sosai ga jin daɗin ɗan adam. Wannan ya haɗa da bullar sabbin cututtuka, canje-canje kwatsam na ingancin ruwa, ƙirƙirar "yankunan da suka mutu" tare da bakin teku, rushewar kamun kifi, da kuma sauyin yanayi a yankin.

Rahoton MA Synthesis Report yana ba da haske ga manyan binciken guda huɗu:

• ’Yan Adam sun canza yanayin muhalli cikin sauri kuma cikin sauri a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata fiye da kowane lokaci. Anyi hakan ne don biyan buƙatun abinci, ruwan sha, katako, fiber da man fetur cikin sauri. An mayar da ƙarin filaye zuwa noma tun 1945 fiye da na ƙarni na 18 da 19 a hade. Fiye da rabin duk takin nitrogen na roba, wanda aka fara yi a shekarar 1913, wanda aka taba amfani da shi a doron kasa, an yi amfani da shi tun 1985. Masana sun ce hakan ya haifar da babbar hasarar da ba za a iya jurewa ba a bambancin rayuwa a duniya, tare da wasu 10 zuwa 30. kashi dari na dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da na amphibian a halin yanzu suna fuskantar barazanar bacewa.
• Canje-canjen yanayin muhalli wanda ya ba da gudummawar riba mai yawa a cikin jin daɗin ɗan adam da ci gaban tattalin arziki an samu ta hanyar haɓakar farashi ta hanyar lalata wasu ayyuka. Ayyukan muhalli guda huɗu ne kawai aka haɓaka a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata: haɓakar amfanin gona, dabbobi da noman kiwo, da ƙara haɓakar iskar carbon don daidaita yanayin yanayi na duniya. Sabis guda biyu - kama kifi da ruwa mai daɗi - yanzu sun wuce matakan da zasu iya ɗaukar halin yanzu, ƙarancin gaba, buƙatu. Masana sun ce waɗannan matsalolin za su rage fa'ida ga al'ummomi masu zuwa.
• Lalacewar ayyukan muhalli na iya yin muni sosai a farkon rabin wannan karni kuma wani shinge ne ga cimma muradun karni na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A cikin dukkanin makoma guda hudu masu dacewa da masana kimiyya suka bincika, sun tsara ci gaba wajen kawar da yunwa, amma a hankali fiye da yadda ake bukata don rage yawan mutanen da ke fama da yunwa a shekara ta 2015. Masana sun yi gargadin cewa canje-canjen da ke faruwa a cikin halittu kamar su sare gandun daji yana tasiri ga yalwar abinci. cututtukan mutane kamar zazzabin cizon sauro da kwalara, da kuma hadarin bullar sabbin cututtuka. Misali zazzabin cizon sauro ya kai kashi 11 cikin 35 na cutar a nahiyar Afirka kuma da an kawar da ita shekaru 100 da suka gabata, da yawan abin da nahiyar ke samu ya karu da dala biliyan XNUMX.
• Kalubalen maido da lalacewar yanayin muhalli yayin da ake biyan buƙatu ana iya biyan su ƙarƙashin wasu al'amuran da suka haɗa da mahimman manufofi da sauye-sauyen hukumomi. Koyaya, waɗannan canje-canjen za su yi girma kuma ba a aiwatar da su a halin yanzu. Rahoton ya ambaci zaɓuɓɓukan da ke akwai don adanawa ko haɓaka ayyukan muhalli waɗanda ke rage cin kasuwa mara kyau ko waɗanda za su yi tasiri ga sauran ayyuka. Kare gandun daji, alal misali, ba wai kawai yana kiyaye namun daji ba har ma yana samar da ruwa mai kyau da kuma rage hayakin carbon.

"Karshe wuce gona da iri na wannan kima shi ne cewa yana cikin ikon al'ummomin bil'adama don sauƙaƙa matsalolin da muke sanyawa a kan ayyukan yanayin duniya, tare da ci gaba da amfani da su don samar da ingantacciyar rayuwa ga kowa," in ji. MA kwamitin gudanarwa a cikin wata sanarwa, "Rayuwa fiye da Hanyarmu: Kayayyakin Halitta da
Lafiyar Dan Adam." "Samun wannan, duk da haka, yana buƙatar sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a yadda ake bi da yanayi a kowane mataki na yanke shawara da sababbin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati, kasuwanci da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. Alamun gargadi suna nan don mu gani. Gaba yanzu yana hannunmu.”

Rahoton MA Synthesis Report ya kuma bayyana cewa mutane mafi talauci a duniya ne suka fi fama da sauye-sauyen yanayi. Yankunan da ke fuskantar manyan matsalolin gurɓacewar muhalli - yankin kudu da hamadar sahara, Asiya ta tsakiya, wasu yankuna na Latin Amurka, da wasu sassan kudu da kudu maso gabashin Asiya - suma suna fuskantar ƙalubale mafi girma wajen cimma muradun Ƙarni na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Alal misali, a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara, an yi hasashen adadin matalautan zai karu daga miliyan 315 a shekarar 1999 zuwa miliyan 404 nan da shekarar 2015.

"Duk wani ci gaba da aka samu wajen magance manufofin talauci da kawar da yunwa, da inganta kiwon lafiya, da kare muhalli ba zai yuwu a dore ba idan akasarin ayyukan da suka dogara da muhallin da dan'adam ya dogara da su ya ci gaba da lalacewa," in ji binciken. Ta yi nuni da cewa ci gaba da gurgunta ayyukan muhallin da ke ci gaba da toshe hanyoyin ci gaban muradun karni da shugabannin duniya suka amince da su a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekara ta 2000.