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Ka'idar tsarin sauyi don inganta ajandar ci gaba mai dorewa bayan 2030

Ana buƙatar ingantacciyar hanya don tantance yuwuwar aiwatarwa, tasiri, da yuwuwar shawarwari, in ji wannan labarin, wanda Shugabar Sashen Manufofin Kimiyya ta ISC, Anne-Sophie Stevance ta rubuta tare.

A matsayinta na mai haɗin gwiwa da Babban Rukunin Ƙungiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ISC tana haɓakawa da shiga cikin muhawara kan yadda kimiyya za ta iya tallafawa cimma nasarar ci gaba mai ɗorewa.

Wannan shine sigar marubucin aikin. An buga shi a nan bisa izinin Ungiyar (asar Amirka don Ci gaban Kimiyya (AAAS) don amfanin kai, ba don sake rarrabawa ba. An buga sigar ƙarshe a cikin Science a ranar 15 ga Janairu 2026, DOI: 10.1126/science.adz5704.


Yayin da wa'adin shekarar 2030 na Manufofin Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa (SDGs) ke gabatowa kuma ci gaba ya kasance mai iyaka, masu bincike suna ba da shawarar matakai don inganta ajanda ta gaba, bayan 2030, don inganta aiwatarwa (1-3). Tare da ƙarin shawarwari da ake sa ran za a yi nan gaba, muna jayayya kan wata hanya mai tsari don taimaka wa masu bincike da masu tsara manufofi tsara da kimanta su. Wannan yana buƙatar ka'idar canji wacce ke bayyana yadda da kuma dalilin da yasa shawarwari za su inganta aiwatar da ajanda ta gaba, yayin da kuma la'akari da yuwuwar siyasa. Mun fara da gina ka'idar canji a ɓoye wacce ke ƙarƙashin Ajandar 2030 ta yanzu don sake duba yadda aka yi niyyar SDGs ta yi aiki da kuma gano manyan nasarori da gazawa. Sannan za mu ba da shawarar hanyar tantance shawarwarin da aka gabatar don inganta ajanda ta bayan 2030 bisa ga tasirinsu da yuwuwarsu.

Yarda da Ajandar 2030 da kuma SDGs a shekarar 2015 a matsayin taswirar duniya don kawo karshen talauci, rage rashin daidaito, da kuma kare muhalli babban nasara ne. Tun daga lokacin, SDGs sun gamu da wasu nasarori yayin da kasashe da birane da dama suka tsara manufofin, suna sa ido da bayar da rahoton ci gaba, kuma suna ci gaba da aiki don cimma burinsu. Kasuwanci da yawa sun yi daidai da SDGs kuma ƙungiyoyin fararen hula sun amince da su. Tsarin duniya kamar SDGs kuma na iya samar da sahihanci, tsammanin da aka raba da harshe ɗaya, tallafawa daidaitawa, koyo da kwatantawa a duk fannoni, da kuma ƙarfafa rarraba albarkatu da ayyukan da ake buƙata daga dukkan ƙasashe don magance ƙalubalen duniya.

Duk da haka, bayan shekaru goma, babu wata jayayya cewa SDGs ba su yi aiki yadda aka tsara ba wajen haifar da sauyi. Misali, manufofin ba su canza cibiyoyi, manufofi, ko kwararar albarkatu sosai ba (4) kuma ƙasa da kashi 20% na manufofin suna kan hanyar cimma nasara nan da shekarar 2030 (5). Akwai abubuwa da yawa da ke rage radadi (misali, COVID-19, rikice-rikicen tashin hankali na duniya), duk da haka waɗannan kaɗai ba za su iya bayyana ƙarancin ci gaban ba.

Al'ummar masu bincike suna da kyakkyawan matsayi na yin tunani mai zurfi kan abin da ya yi aiki da Ajandar da ake da ita a yanzu da kuma wanda bai yi aiki da ita ba, sannan su bayar da shawarwari da za su iya inganta tsarin kowane tsarin bayan 2030. Kamar yadda lamarin yake game da tsarin SDGs, shawarwari kan ajandar bayan 2030 za su iya taimaka wa tattaunawa mai zuwa da gwamnati za ta jagoranta kan tsarin bayan 2030 wanda ake sa ran zai fara daga 2027. Duk da amincewa da gazawar SDGs na yanzu, masu bincike sun gabatar da shawarwari masu amfani don tsawaita lokacin SDGs (misali zuwa 2045 ko 2050) (1) tare da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban don ƙarfafa tsarin bayan 2030 don inganta aiwatarwa. Wannan ya dace idan aka yi la'akari da rawar da kimiyya ke takawa wajen tsara SDGs (6, 7) da kuma tushen shaida mai ƙarfi da ake da shi yanzu kan canje-canjen da ake buƙata don cimma su (8). Shawarwarin da aka gabatar kwanan nan sun haɗa da matakan da za a iya haɗa su cikin tsarin bayan 2030 don daidaita kuɗaɗen shiga 51 daga bankunan ci gaba da asusun haɗin gwiwa da yawa tare da duk wani burin da za a cimma nan gaba (1, 2), ƙarfafa shugabanci da riƙon amana na duniya (misali, Hukumar Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 53) (2), ɗaga matsayin birane da kasuwanci (3), faɗaɗa manufofi da cibiyoyi na ƙasa (misali, kwamitocin ƙasa, ayyuka, da tsare-tsaren hanzarta aiki) (1), ko tsara sabbin manufofi don batutuwan da ke tasowa (misali fasahar kere-kere (AI), ɓarnar ƙasa da ƙasa, da sauransu) (1, 3).

Da ƙarin shawarwari da yawa don inganta ko gyara tsarin bayan 2030 da ake sa ran yi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ƙalubalen da ke tasowa ga masu tsara manufofi, masu tattaunawa, da kuma al'ummar bincike shine gano waɗannan shawarwari waɗanda ke da babban yuwuwar inganta aiwatarwa. Wannan yana buƙatar ganewar asali ta musamman yadda kowace shawara za ta hanzarta ci gaba zuwa ga ci gaba mai ɗorewa - a wata ma'anar, "ka'idar canji" bayyananne wanda ke bayanin yadda zai yi aiki da kuma dalilin da zai sa ya yi tasiri wajen shawo kan shingen da suka kawo cikas ga ci gaba zuwa yanzu.

Bugu da ƙari, dole ne mu kuma fahimci cewa shawarwarin za su buƙaci amincewa da siyasa don amincewa a kowane tsari na gaba. Amincewa da SDGs tare a cikin 2015 wani ɓangare ne saboda ba su da ƙa'idojin manufofi. Shawarwari waɗanda suka yi takamaiman bayani sun fi saurin samun rashin jituwa, galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin marasa gaskiya, masu tsada, kuma ba a son su a siyasance. Yanayin siyasa a yau ya fi ƙalubale, wanda aka tsara shi ta hanyar rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin da tsakanin ƙasashen ƙasa, ƙaruwar mulkin kama-karya, ƙara tabarbarewar rashin daidaito da rikice-rikicen muhalli, ƙaruwar bayanai marasa tushe, da kuma ƙara ta'azzara rikice-rikicen yanki. Waɗannan abubuwan za su yi tasiri ko shawarwari daban-daban za su yiwu a siyasance a kowane lokaci.

Saboda haka muna jayayya cewa ana buƙatar tsarin tsari don taimakawa wajen tsara da tantance tasirin da kuma yuwuwar shawarwari don haɓaka ajandar bayan 2030. Irin wannan hanyar tana buƙatar a gina ta ne bisa ga ka'idar canji mai haske da tasiri wadda ke bayyana yadda da kuma dalilin da yasa shawarwari za su hanzarta aiwatarwa a cikin tsarin bayan 2030. Domin haɓaka kowace ka'idar canji don ƙarfafa ajandar bayan 2030, muna buƙatar komawa ga zato na asali na Ajandar 2030 game da yadda aka yi niyyar SDGs su yi aiki da kuma bincika inda da dalilin da yasa aiwatarwa ya yi nasara ko ya gaza.

Ƙirƙira da Amfani da Ka'idar Canji

An yi suka da yawa game da SDGs a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata waɗanda suka gano ɗimbin gazawa da shawarwari don inganta manufofi da aiwatar da su. Waɗannan gabaɗaya sun yi bayani kan wata matsala mafi mahimmanci - cewa SDGs sun dogara ne akan ƙima ko ƙarancin zato game da yadda saita manufa zai haifar da aiki kuma ba su da ka'idar canji bayyananne (9). Duk da haka, muna jayayya cewa yana yiwuwa a gano ka'idar canji a cikin Ajandar 2030, wanda aka bayyana a cikin nunin yadda za a aiwatar da SDGs don jagorantar canje-canje. Ta hanyar nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin Ajandar 2030, mun gano waɗannan takamaiman nassoshi ko 'zato' kan yadda aka yi niyyar aiwatar da Ajandar kuma muka haɗa su cikin manyan batutuwa guda huɗu: (i) Shirya manufofi da canji na duniya; (i) Masu aiki da kuma rarraba su; (iii) Bita; da (iv) Hanyoyin aiwatarwa (duba ƙarin kayan aiki da Tebur S1). Sannan muka zana waɗannan zato don haɓaka tsarin tsarin canji da aka yi hasashen a cikin Ajandar 2030 - abin da muke kira 'ka'idar canji ta ɓoye' (duba adadi).

Babban zato da aka gano daga Ajandar 2030 shine cewa rungumar SDGs a duniya zai sa ƙasashe su tsara manufofin ƙasa da kuma haɗa su cikin dabarun ƙasa waɗanda tsarin kuɗi ke tallafawa. Wannan zai jawo hankalin masu ruwa da tsaki da albarkatu don cimma SDGs don haka ya canza duniyarmu. Tsarin sa ido da bita na ƙasa yana tabbatar da cewa an sanar da dabarun ta hanyar bayanai da shaidu kuma an daidaita su akan lokaci. Bita na duniya ta hanyar Babban Taron Siyasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (HLPF) yana haɓaka gaskiya da riƙon amana. Kyakkyawan shugabanci da hanyoyin aiwatarwa kamar gina ƙarfin aiki, haɗin kai tsakanin manufofi, kuɗi, ciniki, da kirkire-kirkire na fasaha suna tallafawa waɗannan hanyoyin (duba Tebur S1).

Tsarin da ke cikin hoton ya gabatar da muhimman zato a matsayin abubuwan da suka haɗu waɗanda muka yi amfani da su don gano wasu nasarori da gazawar aiwatar da SDGs zuwa yau da kuma fayyace yadda aka yi niyyar cimma burin don haifar da sauyi. Duk da cewa tsarin ya takaita ga zato daga Ajandar 2030, yana nuna yadda bayyana ka'idar canji ta bayyana a fili ke tallafawa gano farkon gazawar aiwatarwa da kuma matsalolin da za su iya tasowa inda ci gaba ya tsaya. Hakanan yana ba da wuri da dama don haɓaka ka'idar canji bayyananne kuma mafi inganci ga tsarin bayan 2030 wanda ke gano damar hanzarta ci gaba zuwa ci gaba mai ɗorewa.

Tun daga ɗaukar manufofin, babban tsarin ya ƙunshi ƙirƙirar SDGs da kuma tattara albarkatu da masu ruwa da tsaki don cimma burin da kuma canza duniya. Ƙarin hanyoyin ruwa guda biyu suna tallafawa tsarin tsakiya ta hanyar samar da hanyoyin aiwatarwa da bayanai da kuma sake duba ra'ayoyin jama'a don jagorantar aiwatarwa da ƙara yawan alhakin. Ci gaba a cikin abubuwan da ke sama yana tallafawa abubuwan da ke ƙasa a hankali.

SDGs sun sami wasu nasarori masu mahimmanci (12, 13). Manufofin halal ne kuma dukkan ƙasashe sun amince da su, suna kafa ma'anar duniya da alkibla don ci gaba mai ɗorewa kuma hanya ce mai ƙirƙira ta gudanar da manufofi (Hoto na 1, '1+'). Wasu ƙasashe sun sanya manufofin SDGs a cikin dabarun ƙasa kuma sun yi gyare-gyare na hukumomi don daidaita aiwatarwa (misali, Indonesia, Colombia, Finland, Nepal, da Masar) ('2+'). Gwamnatoci sun yi shawarwari sosai da masu ruwa da tsaki wajen gano da aiwatar da SDGs ('3+'), gami da ta hanyar Sharhin Ƙasa na Sa-kai (VNRs) wanda kusan dukkan ƙasashe suka gabatar ('4+'). Sharhin Gida na Sa-kai (VLRs) suma sun sami karɓuwa, suna nuna ikon mallakar tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki na gida. Akwai tsarin nuna alama mai ƙarfi da bayanai da ake da su don sa ido ('4+'), kuma gina ƙarfin aiki ya inganta ƙarfin ƙididdiga na ƙasa ('5+'). An kuma ƙara mai da hankali ga yanayin haɗin gwiwar SDGs da hulɗarsu da kuma daidaita manufofi da haɗin kai ('6+').

Duk da haka, aiwatarwa ya kuma fuskanci gazawa da yawa (4, 14). Tsarin manufofi mai faɗi da rikitarwa ya tabbatar da wahalar aiwatarwa kuma yana da abubuwan da ba a san su ba (misali AI, al'adu, ɓarnar ƙasashen duniya) (Hoto na 1, '1-'). Saboda ƙarancin shugabancin ƙasa daga shugabannin jihohi da ma'aikatun tsakiya, wasu ƙasashe har yanzu ba su kafa manufofin ƙasa ko haɓaka dabarun ba (misali, Ostiraliya, Amurka, Burtaniya) kuma wasu sun wargaza ƙoƙarin da aka yi a baya (misali, Sweden, Argentina) ('2-'). Inda ƙasashe da yawa suka ƙirƙiro dabarun, ba su tattara masu ruwa da tsaki yadda ya kamata ba, wani ɓangare saboda Ajandar 2030 ba ta da abubuwan ƙarfafawa ga masu ruwa da tsaki fiye da gwamnati don shiga cikin aiwatarwa (gami da waɗanda za su iya tsayayya da manufofin SDGs) ('3-'). Babu wani wajibi ga gwamnatoci su sake duba ci gaba, kuma VNRs sun kasance a saman kuma ba su da ingantaccen aiki ('4-'). A matakin duniya, an tsara HLPF a matsayin hanyar musayar abokan hulɗa kuma ba ta iya ɗaukar gwamnatoci ko wasu alhakin aiwatarwa ba ('5-'). Ƙara yawan shaidu bai kai ga yanke shawara mafi kyau nan take ba domin wannan kuma yana buƙatar ƙarfin amfani da shaida a cikin hanyoyin manufofi da abubuwan da siyasa ta tsara ('6-'). Dabaru na gwamnati ba su da fifiko da kuma kimantawa mai tsari na canje-canjen da ake buƙata don cimma burin tare da shingayen aiwatarwa da zaɓuɓɓuka don shawo kansu ('7-'). Dabaru ba su ƙirƙiri ingantaccen yanayi don jawo hankalin masu aiki da albarkatu ba, kuma akwai rashin yarjejeniya ta duniya kan kuɗi, fasaha, da tanadin iya aiki ('8-'). Ba a ba da isasshen kulawa ga saitunan shugabanci don canje-canje a cikin tsarin siyasa daban-daban ('9-') da kuma 'me' da 'ta yaya' na canje-canjen tsarin don cimma SDGs ('10-').

Binciken ka'idar canji a cikin wannan adadi ya nuna wasu muhimman fannoni inda zato na asali da ke ƙarƙashin Ajandar 2030 suka yi nasara ko suka kasa riƙewa bisa ga gogewar shekaru goma da suka gabata. Babban gibin da ke tattare da manyan zato game da aiwatarwa da tattara ayyuka ta dukkan masu ruwa da tsaki da albarkatun da ake da su wanda a ƙarshe ke haifar da sauyi. Duk da cewa ana ɗaukar dabarun ƙasa da haɗin gwiwar duniya don jagorantar waɗannan hanyoyin, wannan bai faru a aikace ba. Akwai ƙalilan takamaiman bayanai a cikin Ajandar 2030 kan manyan canje-canje na ƙasa, nau'ikan da ake buƙata da kuma jerin manufofi, kuɗi, iyawa da fasaha, ko kuma saitunan shugabanci da ake buƙata don tafiyar da hanyoyin sauyi. Bugu da ƙari, zato cewa sauyi yana faruwa a matsayin mataki na ƙarshe a cikin tsarin sauyi ne kawai bayan cimma SDGs ya saba wa littattafan bincike (8, 11), wanda ke nuna cewa ana buƙatar canje-canje kafin a cimma burin.

Tattaunawar da aka yi bayan shekarar 2030 ta ba da dama don haɓaka ingantacciyar ka'idar canji wadda ke buɗe wannan 'baƙar akwati' na aiwatarwa da sauyi. Wannan zai amfana daga fahimtar yadda kafa manufofi zai iya ƙarfafa aiwatar da manyan masu ruwa da tsaki da kuma jagorantar canje-canjen da ake buƙata don cimma SDGs. Hakanan zai buƙaci samar da ƙarin haske kan buƙatun aiwatarwa, gami da gano shingayen da ƙuntatawa ga canje-canjen da kuma bayyana yadda za a shawo kansu da kuma waɗanne masu ruwa da tsaki. Ka'idar canji da aka gabatar a cikin wannan adadi tana ba da mafari mai amfani ga irin wannan ƙoƙari.

Hanyar tantance shawarwari

Daukar ka'idar tsarin sauyi yana da fa'idodi masu yawa wajen tsarawa da kuma tantance tasirin shawarwari ga ajanda bayan 2030. Da farko, yana nuna cewa shawarwarin da ke bayar da 'mafi iri ɗaya' ba za su yi tasiri ba wajen inganta ci gaba zuwa ga SDGs. Misali, shawarwarin sabbin manufofi da manufofi na iya fuskantar ƙalubalen aiwatarwa iri ɗaya da aka fuskanta tare da tsarin yanzu. Hakanan za su ƙara faɗaɗa fa'ida da sarkakiyar SDGs waɗanda aka soki a matsayin masu rikitarwa don aiwatarwa.

Fahimtar ka'idar canji tana ba da hanya don ƙarin bayani da tantance ma'anar da ke bayan shawarwarin da ke neman inganta aiwatar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa a cikin tsarin bayan 2030. Misali, shawarwari don inganta shugabanci na duniya ta hanyar maye gurbin HLPF da wata hukuma mai iko (misali Hukumar Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya) na iya ƙara alhakin ƙasashe ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda zai iya ƙarfafa inganta aiwatarwa daga gwamnatocin ƙasashe. Duk da haka, ba lallai ba ne ya ƙarfafa aiwatar da wasu masu ruwa da tsaki (misali 'yan kasuwa, masu amfani, masu shiga tsakani, da sauransu) waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sauye-sauye. A madadin haka, shawarwari don daidaita kuɗaɗen da bankunan ci gaba na ɓangarori daban-daban suka bayar tare da SDGs ko kuma don haɗa SDGs da yarjejeniyoyi da kuɗaɗen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke akwai (misali UNFCCC da Asusun Yanayi Mai Kore) na iya samar da albarkatun kuɗi ga ƙasashe masu tasowa don aiwatar da dabarun ci gaban su. Duk da haka, ƙarin kuɗaɗen da aka samu daga waɗannan hanyoyin na iya zama ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da abin da ake buƙata don cimma SDGs, kuma irin waɗannan shawarwarin ba sa magance ainihin hanyar da za a bi don mayar da kwararar kuɗi daga rashin dorewa zuwa ci gaba mai ɗorewa kamar yadda ake buƙata don sauye-sauye. Saboda haka, duk da cewa shawarwari daban-daban za su sami fa'ida wajen magance ƙalubalen aiwatarwa, har yanzu ba a fayyace yadda da kuma dalilin da yasa za su inganta aiwatarwa ta hanyar da za ta hanzarta sauye-sauye da ci gaba zuwa ga SDGs ba. Daukar ka'idar tsarin canji yana taimakawa wajen bayyana wannan dabarar da kuma tantance tasirin kwatancen da haɗin gwiwa na shawarwari daban-daban.

Baya ga tasirinsu, wani muhimmin abu da za a yi la'akari da shi yayin tantance shawarwari daban-daban na tsarin bayan 2030 shine yuwuwar siyasa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ganin cewa tattaunawar bayan 2030 za ta faru a cikin yanayin siyasa mai canzawa da rarrabuwa idan aka kwatanta da lokacin da aka amince da SDGs. Misali, shawarwarin bude tattaunawa kan sabbin manufofi da manufofi na iya haifar da rashin jituwa na siyasa da kuma haɗarin komawa baya ga SDGs da aka samu da wahala a cikin tsarin da ake da shi. Shawarwarin canza tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don haɓaka ɗaukar nauyi suma suna iya fuskantar manyan ƙalubalen siyasa a zamanin raguwar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙasashe da yawa da kuma juriya ga ƙasashe masu tasowa ga ƙaruwar sa ido kan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Shawarwarin da za a yi don daidaita yarjejeniyoyin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuɗaɗen ƙasashen da ke da alaƙa da SDGs za su yi kama da suna fuskantar ƙananan ƙalubalen siyasa, amma tasirinsu na iya zama kaɗan.

Da yake ana sa ran ƙarin shawarwari da dama don ajanda bayan 2030 a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, wannan kimantawa biyu na tasiri da yuwuwar yana ba da hanya mai ma'ana bisa ga ka'idar canji ga tsara da kimanta shawarwari. Wannan kimantawa biyu na iya taimakawa wajen gano da fifita shawarwari waɗanda suka fi tasiri da yuwuwar yiwuwa, da kuma guje wa waɗanda ba su da yuwuwa kuma waɗanda ba za su yi tasiri sosai ba. Ana iya kimanta tasirin shawarwari ta hanyar sake duba alaƙarsu da ka'idar canji da kuma bayyana yadda da kuma dalilin da ya sa za su inganta aiwatarwa, masu ruwa da tsaki, shingayen da suke fuskanta, da kuma yadda za a shawo kan waɗannan. Ganin cewa wannan zai dogara ne akan ingancin zato na asali game da tsarin canji, zai zama mahimmanci a ci gaba akan ka'idar canji ta ɓoye. A nan, al'ummar bincike za su iya taka muhimmiyar rawa ta hanyar amfani da koyo daga aiwatar da SDGs da tunani mai mahimmanci da sake duba zato na asali. Ana iya yin kimanta yiwuwar siyasa na shawarwari ta hanyar la'akari da abubuwa kamar farashi, matakin da aka tsara manufofi, da kuma ko suna da sa hannun siyasa (misali daga manyan ƙungiyoyin tattaunawa kamar Tarayyar Turai, "Ƙungiyar ƙasashe 77" a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da China, Ƙungiyar Afirka, da sauransu), tare da lura da cewa yanayin siyasa yana da ƙarfi kuma yana iya canzawa da sauri. Saboda haka, yuwuwar shawarwari na iya ƙaruwa ko raguwa akan lokaci yayin da muke matsawa zuwa 2030. Saboda haka, hanyar ya kamata ta kasance mai dacewa da sabbin koyo yayin da suke fitowa daga bincike da kuma yayin da yanayin siyasa ke ci gaba.

An shirya fara tattaunawa kan ajandar bayan 2030 a shekarar 2027 kuma za ta samar da dama ga shawarwari daga al'ummar kimiyya don tsara tsarin da ya fi tasiri don inganta aiwatarwa a cikin mahallin bayan 2030. Ganin cewa shawarwari sun riga sun bayyana kuma ana sa ran za a yi wasu abubuwa da yawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ka'idar hanyar sauyi da aka bayyana a cikin wannan takarda ta samar da hanyar bayyanawa da tantance yadda da kuma dalilin da yasa shawarwari daban-daban za su inganta aiwatarwa yayin da kuma la'akari da yuwuwar siyasa. Duk da haka, idan aka yi la'akari da gazawar da ke cikin zato na asali na Ajandar 2030, muna jayayya cewa ya kamata a samar da ka'idar sauyi mai haske da ƙarfi don ƙarfafa ajandar ci gaba ta duniya bayan 2030. Al'ummar bincike tana da kyakkyawan matsayi don taimakawa da wannan aikin. Mun yarda cewa ka'idar sauyi mai ƙarfi ba za ta magance duk ƙalubalen aiwatarwa ba. Duk da haka, zai samar da tushe mai ƙarfi wanda masu ruwa da tsaki na al'umma za su iya aiwatarwa a ƙasa.

Nassoshi da bayanin kula

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Acknowledgments

(1) Cibiyar Raya Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa ta Monash, Melbourne, Ostiraliya. (2) Cibiyar Muhalli ta Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden. (3) Cibiyar Millennium, Washington DC, Amurka. (4) Makarantar Manufofin Jama'a, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya Delhi (IITD), New Delhi, Indiya. (5) Sashen Kimiyyar Zamantakewa da Manufofi, Jami'ar Bath, Bath, Birtaniya. (6) Cibiyar Bincike ta Makamashi da Dorewa, Jami'ar Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. (7) Cibiyar Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa ta Copernicus, Jami'ar Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. (8) Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya, Paris, Faransa. (9) Cibiyar Ci Gaba da Dorewa ta Jamus (IDOS), Bonn, Jamus. (10) Cibiyar Sadarwa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Raya Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa, Paris, Faransa. (11) Muryar Kudu, Quito, Ecuador. (12) Cibiyar Dabaru na Muhalli ta Duniya, Hayama, Japan. (13) Lafiyar Jama'a a Indonesia, Jami'ar Monash a Indonesia, BSD a birnin Indonesia. (14) Tsarin Birane a Indonesia, Jami'ar Monash a Indonesia, BSD a birnin Indonesia, Indonesia, Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Malaysia. (15) Jami'ar Monash Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (16) Makarantar Gwamnati, Jami'ar Al'ada ta Beijing, Beijing, China. (17) Cibiyar Binciken Tasirin Yanayi ta Potsdam, Jamus. Imel: [email kariya].


Siffa ta 1. 'Ka'idar Sauyi' a Fake. Tsarin zato game da tsarin canji da aka tsara a cikin Ajandar 2030 dangane da 1. Tsarin manufa da canji na duniya (rawaya); 2. 'Yan wasa da kuma wurin da aka tsara (kore); 3. Bita (shuɗi); da 4. Hanyar aiwatarwa (ruwan hoda). Lambobin kore (tare da alamar '+') suna nuna nasarori kuma lambobin ja (tare da alamar '-') suna nuna gazawa.


Hotuna ta Kameron Kincade on Unsplash