Shekaru bakwai mafi zafi da aka yi rikodin su ne bakwai na ƙarshe

Bisa lafazin C3S, yanayin zafi a lokacin 1991-2020 ya kusan 0.9 ° C sama da matakin masana'antu kafin masana'antu. Yin amfani da wannan lokacin tunani, yankunan da suka sami mafi girman yanayin zafi sama da matsakaici a cikin 2021 "sun haɗa da ƙungiyar da ta tashi daga yammacin gabar tekun Amurka da Kanada zuwa arewa maso gabashin Kanada da Greenland, da kuma manyan sassa na tsakiya da arewacin Afirka. Gabas ta Tsakiya”, yayin da yawancin yanayin zafi ƙasa da ƙasa aka shaida a Siberiya, Alaska, wasu daga cikin Pacific, Ostiraliya da Antarctica. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan alamu sun yi daidai da taron sanyi Yarinyar shaida duka a farkon da kuma karshen shekarar da ta gabata.

A cikin Turai, C3S ya lura cewa shekaru goma mafi zafi sun faru tun daga 2000, bakwai daga cikinsu sun kasance daga 2014 zuwa 2020. Ko da yake 2021 ya kasance a waje da shekaru goma mafi zafi na Turai, lokacin rani ya kasance mafi zafi a rikodin kuma yankin ya fuskanci matsaloli da yawa. A watan Yuli, ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya ya afku a yammacin tsakiyar Turai, wanda ya haddasa ambaliya a kasashe da dama da kuma kasa mai cike da ruwa, musamman a kasashen Jamus, Belgium, Luxembourg da Netherlands. A halin yanzu, Girka, Spain, da Italiya sun sha wahala daga zafin rana, suna karya rikodin baya na matsakaicin zafin jiki a 48.8 ° C a Sicily (littafin da za a tabbatar). Haka kuma, wadannan yanayi sun haifar da gobarar daji a kasashe da dama, musamman Turkiyya, amma kuma a wasu kasashen kudancin (Girka, Italiya, Spain, Portugal, Albaniya, Arewacin Macedonia, Aljeriya, da Tunisia).

An sake zama shekara guda na wuce gona da iri, daga yanayin zafi na musamman a yammacin Arewacin Amurka don yin rikodin mummunar ambaliya a yammacin Turai. Bugu da kari, yawan iskar gas a duniya ya ci gaba da karuwa. Duk da yanayin sanyi na La Niña, 2021 ya kasance mai zafi sosai a matsakaici yana nuna cewa sauyin yanayi ya ci gaba da buga kansa kan abubuwan da suka faru a bara. Yana zama abin tunatarwa a gare mu dukkan buƙatun gaggawa na yin gaggawa da ɗorewa a rage fitar da iskar carbon ɗin mu kafin mu kai ga rashin dawowa.

Farfesa Lisa Alexander, Cibiyar Nazarin Canjin Yanayi da Cibiyar ARC na Ƙarfafa don Tsare-tsare na Yanayi, Jami'ar New South Wales

A ko'ina cikin Tekun Atlantika, an gano matsalolin zafin jiki a cikin 2021. Arewa maso Gabashin Kanada sun sami yanayin zafi da ba a saba gani ba a farkon shekara da lokacin kaka. Ga Arewacin Amurka, Yuni 2021 ita ce mafi zafi da aka yi rikodin, inda yankin ya shaida tashin zafi na musamman, tare da mafi girman bayanan zafin jiki. Guguwar zafi ta haifar da yanayi mai zafi da bushewa, wanda ya haifar da mummunar gobarar daji a lokacin bazara, musamman a Kanada da jihohin yammacin gabar tekun Amurka. Har ila yau California ta fuskanci gobara ta biyu mafi girma a tarihinta, wanda ya haifar da barna mai yawa da kuma raguwar ingancin iska a fadin nahiyar saboda gurbatar yanayi.

Binciken yanayi ya nuna cewa an sanya waɗannan munanan abubuwan da suka faru saboda sauyin yanayi da ɗan adam ya haifar.

Sonia Seneviratne, Farfesa na yanayin yanayin yanayi a ETH Zurich kuma mai jagorantar marubucin kan rahoton 2021 IPCC

Har ila yau, C3S ta bayar da rahoton, bisa ga binciken farko na bayanan tauraron dan adam, cewa yanayin karuwar yawan carbon dioxide ya ci gaba a bara, tare da "matsakaicin matsakaicin ginshiƙi na shekara-shekara (XCO2) na kusan 414.3 ppm", yana ƙididdige ƙimar girma don 2021 don samun. ya kasance 2.4 ± 0.4 ppm / shekara, duka suna kusa da sakamakon 2020 da matsakaicin girma tun daga 2010. Hakazalika, ƙwayar methane a cikin yanayi ya ci gaba da karuwa a cikin 2021, ya kai "matsakaicin matsakaicin shafi na duniya wanda ba a taɓa gani ba (XCH4) kusan 1876 ppb”, yana ba mu ɗan ƙaramin girma girma fiye da 2020 a 16.3 ± 3.3 ppb / shekara. Wannan ana cewa, yawan haɓakar haɓakar 2020 da 2021 na haɓakar methane na yanayi, idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar lokacin 2000-2019, har yanzu ba a fahimta sosai ba kamar yadda iskar methane ke da duka biyun. anthropogenic da na halitta kafofin, wanda ya sa gano waɗannan kafofin ya zama kalubale.

Abubuwan da aka samo daga C3S sun tabbatar da sakamakon da ƙungiyoyi da yawa suka buga a baya. Ainihin, suna nuna mahimmancin sauyin yanayi da ke faruwa, kuma yana ci gaba da tafiya. Dakatar da shi, ta haka iyakance sauye-sauyen da ke gudana, na buƙatar raguwa mai ban mamaki a cikin iskar CO2 na ɗan adam wanda ya haɗa da sauyin da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba na al'umma. Yayin da muke lura da wasu ci gaba ta wannan hanyar, saurin da ake yi yanzu yana da nisa da yawa don kusan kusan cimma duk wani buri da yarjejeniyar ta Paris ta gindaya. Abin da aka gabatar a nan shi ne wani kira na farkawa na gagarumin canji.

Dr. Detlef Stammer, Jami'ar Hamburg, Shugaban Hukumar Farashin WCRP Kwamitin hadin gwiwa na Kimiyya

Hoton kai ta Markus Spiske ne adam wata on Unsplash.