Bincikenmu ya bayyana abin mamaki cewa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a halin yanzu ba ta da ma'aunin raunin rauni a duniya. Ko da yake ana tattaunawa kan rashin lafiya a zauren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daban-daban, akwai fargabar cewa idan MDD ba ta yi kokarin hadewa da daidaita wadannan tattaunawa ba, zai iya haifar da rudani da ba zai iya magance bukatun al'ummomin da suka fi fama da rauni ba.
A cikin wannan rukunin yanar gizon mun tattauna manufofin da ake amfani da su na yanzu, tare da shawarwari don ingantawa don gano ƙungiyoyi masu rauni a matakin duniya da yanki, wanda zai iya sanar da matakin gida. A halin yanzu akwai alamun rashin ƙarfi a wurin waɗanda ke nuna wasu ɓangarori na rashin ƙarfi, amma ƙarin cikakkun bayanai zai ba da damar ƙarin haske kan ƙasashe masu tasowa da kuma ƙungiyoyin da suka dace.
A watan Disamba na 2020 da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi kira ga babban sakataren don ba da shawarwari don haɓakawa, daidaitawa, da yuwuwar amfani da fihirisar lallacewa mai nau'i-nau'i don Ƙananan Tsibiri masu tasowa.
Asali an yanke shawarar a cikin 2000 kuma daga baya aka sake bitar a 2005, da Fihirisar Lalacewar Tattalin Arziki da Muhalli (EVI) yana ɗaya daga cikin fihirisar rashin lahani na farko da ake amfani da shi a matakin yanki da na duniya. Tun daga 2005, EVI ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin sharuɗɗa uku waɗanda Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Manufofin Ci Gaba (UNCP) ke amfani da su don ganowa da kuma kammala karatun digiri daga mafi ƙarancin ci gaba. A halin yanzu ya ƙunshi nau'o'i biyu na rashin ƙarfi - tattalin arziki da muhalli - da alamomi takwas da aka samo asali daga hanyar da aka amince da ita wanda ake bitar kowace shekara uku. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙarfinsa shine cewa bayanansa sun shafi ƙasashe 143 tun daga shekara ta 2000.
Yayin da tsarin tattalin arziƙin don magance rashin ƙarfi yana da mahimmanci, baya ɗaukar cikakken yanayin rauni tare da nazarin yanayin ƙasa, kuɗi ko yanayin muhalli. Waɗanne la'akari ya kamata a yi la'akari yayin ƙirƙirar fihirisar rashin lahani na duniya? Da farko, muna duban bayanan.
A cikin Fabrairu 2021 Jacob Assa da Riad Meddeb na UNDP sun haɓaka wani kyakkyawan rahoto wanda a cikinsa suka ba da shawarar faɗaɗa ma'aunin rashin ƙarfi mai girma (MVI) wanda ke ginawa akan EVI. UNDP MVI ta ƙunshi alamomi goma sha ɗaya daga EVI, gami da wasu daga Bankin Duniya. Alamun suna wakiltar nau'ikan rauni huɗu: tattalin arziki, kuɗi, muhalli da yanki.
Yayin da wannan MVI ya kasance a baya an mai da hankali kan Kasashe Masu Haɓaka Ƙananan Tsibiri, alamun sa na iya kasancewa a duk duniya kuma sun haɗa da bayanan da suka shafi ƙasashe 126. UNDP MVI ta ƙunshi alamun tattalin arziki guda uku daga EVI; fitar da kayayyaki da maida hankali, rashin kwanciyar hankali da samar da noma, da rashin kwanciyar hankali na kayayyaki da ayyukan da ake fitarwa. Ya kara alamomi uku na kudi daga bankin duniya da suka shafi yawon shakatawa na kasa da kasa, kudaden da ake aikawa da kai, da saka hannun jari kai tsaye daga kasashen waje. Alamomin yanki guda uku sun haɗa da nisa da rashin ƙasa, da kuma hannun jarin jama'a a busasshiyar ƙasa da ƙananan yankunan bakin teku.
UNICEF ta fara duba yiwuwar auna raunin yara. A cikin 2021, UNICEF ta haɓaka Fihirisar Hadarin Yanayi na Yara, ko CCRI, wanda aka raba alamominsa zuwa ginshiƙai biyu. Pillar 1 shine bayyanar da yanayi da girgizar muhalli da damuwa, wanda ya haɗa da alamu da yawa. Pillar 2 shine Rashin Lafiyar Yara, wanda ya haɗa da saitin alamomi don talauci, kadarorin sadarwa, da kariyar zamantakewa; ruwa, tsafta, da tsafta; ilimi, da lafiyar yara da abinci mai gina jiki.
Gabaɗaya, ana buƙatar keɓance alamomi don yankuna daban-daban don ɗaukar girman gida da kuma nuna buƙatun al'ummomin gida masu rauni. ISC tana ba da gudummawar wani yanki na wannan wuyar warwarewa don samun mafita ta hanyar shigar da malamai da masu aiki don neman hanyar ci gaba da za ta dace da tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Manufar ita ce ganin hanyar haɓaka ƙididdiga masu yawa ta hanyar tsarin yanki wanda ke sanar da ayyukan gida don ƙungiyoyi masu rauni.
Sake Karfafa DR3, wani aikin da Belmont Forum ya ba da kuɗi, ya haɓaka aikin bincike na haɗin gwiwa akan rage haɗarin bala'i da juriya. Binciken nasu ya mayar da hankali ne kan tsarin mulki na rage hadarin bala'i da juriya tare da mayar da hankali kan ambaliyar ruwa, fari da zafi a birane da tsibirin bakin teku. Wannan haɗin gwiwar ya shafi ƙasashe bakwai a nahiyoyi na Turai, Afirka, Asiya da Arewacin Amirka, tare da masu bincike daga fannoni da yawa a duniya, wanda Kwalejin Jami'ar London ke jagoranta.
Tawagar Amurka ta Re-Energize DR3 tana nazarin yadda ake tafiyar da bala'o'i a Amurka a matakin tarayya, jahohi da kuma kananan hukumomi, ta hanyar amfani da jihar North Carolina a matsayin nazari a cikin bincikensu da kuma tarurrukan hada kai da masu ruwa da tsaki.
Akwai wasu ayyuka masu ban sha'awa game da MVI daga Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Babban Wakilin Kasashe Masu Ci Gaba, Kasashe Masu tasowa da Ƙananan Tsibiri (UN-OHRLLS). Su Rahoton 2021 ya haɗa da faɗaɗa bita na MVI data kasance da shawarwari don ma'auni akan haɓaka MVI. Hakanan yana danganta rauni da juriya tare ta hanyar amfani da ma'aunin raunin tsarin, da juriya na tsari da manufofin, waɗanda ke da alƙawarin musamman.
Wannan ma'auni na rashin lahani mai girma da yawa yana buƙatar haɓaka ƙungiyoyi masu rauni da kyau. Ya zuwa yanzu, ƙididdiga masu rauni suna aiki ne kawai a matakin ƙasa da na yanki. Mun ga misalai na tattalin arziki, kuɗi, yanki, da alamun raunin muhalli. Don haɓaka ƙarin cikakkun bayanai masu rauni, akwai buƙatar samun faffadan sa hannun ƙungiyoyi masu rauni a sarari.
Ana sa ran za a kammala kididdigar raunin yankin a cikin lokaci don nazarin 2027 na ajandar ci gaba mai dorewa ta 2030, wanda ya hada da manufofin ci gaba mai dorewa, da kuma nazarin alamomin ci gaba mai dorewa a cikin 2028, wanda za a amince da shi ta hanyar XNUMX. Hukumar Kididdiga ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.
A cikin Mayu 2022, Kristen Downs ya ba da gabatarwa a matsayin wakilin Cibiyar Ruwa ta Jami'ar North Carolina, aikin Re-Energize DR3, da Babban Rukunin Kimiyya da Fasaha, wanda Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC) ta kira. Ta gabatar akan mataki na Ignite a matsayin wani bangare na zama na 7 na UNDRR Global Platform for Rage Risk Risk a Bali, Indonesia.
Jawabin nata yana da taken, "Ta yaya za mu magance raunin bala'i a matakan duniya da na yanki?"
Kuna iya ganin bidiyon gabatarwar Kristen a wannan haɗin, da kuma sauran Ignite Stage gabatarwa nan.
Akwai bangarori biyu na wannan tattaunawa: na farko yana magana ne kan raunin kasashe, na biyu kuma ya shafi raunin kungiyoyi. Ta yaya manufofin ke tabbatar da cewa an magance su daidai kuma a cikin haɗin kai kuma idan haka ne, ta yaya za a iya cimma wannan? Domin magance waɗannan tambayoyin, za mu buƙaci 1) gudanar da haɗin gwiwa da bayar da shawarwari a cikin ayyukan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya; 2) ci gaba da gudanar da bincike mai zurfi wanda ke kula da al'ummomi masu rauni da kuma hanyoyin shiga tsakani masu adalci; da 3) kimanta aiwatar da manufofin yanzu a ƙarƙashin ruwan tabarau na rauni mai yawa.
Kristen Downs, Emily Gvino da kuma Rene Marker-Katz wani bangare ne na tallafin da Belmont Forum ke bayarwa, Sake Karfafa Mulkin Rage Hadarin Bala'i da Juriya don Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa, ko Sake Karfafa DR3.
Kristen Downs ɗan takarar PhD ne a cikin Kimiyyar Muhalli da Injiniya kuma abokin binciken digiri na biyu a Cibiyar Ruwa a Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill (UNC). Tarihinta yana cikin kimiyyar muhalli da injiniyanci, wanda aka kafa a cikin lafiyar jama'a da ci gaban duniya. Abubuwan da ta fi so sun hada da yadda za a iya amfani da tsare-tsare da manufofi da ci gaban fasaha don samar da ayyuka masu ɗorewa ta fuskar rashin tabbas kamar sauyin yanayi da sauyin yanayi, ci gaba, da haɓakar jama'a. Binciken Kristen yana mai da hankali kan yin ƙirar haɗari, rashin tabbas, da abubuwan da ke tattare da tasirin sauyin yanayi a kan cutar ta ruwa, kamar yadda ingancin sabis na ruwa da kayan aikin tsafta ke shiga tsakani da mu'amalarsa tare da sauye-sauyen yanayi da matsananciyar al'amura.
Emily Gvino, MCRP, MPH Aboki ne tare da Clarion Associates, kamfani mai ba da shawara kan amfanin ƙasa da ke Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Emily tana aiki tare da abokan ciniki na jama'a a Amurka a matakin gida da yanki, yana taimaka wa al'ummomin samun sabbin hanyoyin warwarewa da kuma tsara don dorewar makoma mai dorewa. Aikin Emily yana mai da hankali kan mahaɗar yanayin adalci, juriyar bala'i, lafiya, da tsare-tsaren muhalli. Emily kuma tana goyan bayan ƙungiyar Re-Energize DR3 a matsayin Mashawarcin Dabaru, haɗin gwiwa akan binciken bincike, ayyukan rubuce-rubuce, da gabatarwa.
Rene Marker-Katz dalibi ne da ya kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) yana neman digiri na biyu a cikin Tsarin Birni da Yanki (MCRP) tare da ƙware kan amfani da ƙasa da tsara muhalli. Digiri na biyu na karatunta zai kasance tare da takaddun shaida a cikin Haɗarin Halitta. A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Abokin Bincike tare da ƙungiyar UNC Water Institute Re-Energize DR3 don ƙarfafa dangantakar da ke tsakanin mulki da masu zaman kansu / jama'a don tallafawa ƙungiyoyin al'umma masu rauni ta hanyar bala'o'i masu alaka da yanayi. Abubuwan da Rene ke da shi na musamman suna cikin daidaitawar haɗari, ayyukan dorewar birane, da daidaito tsakanin manufofin jama'a.
Takaitaccen bayanin kula akan Hadarin Tsari
Dama don bincike, manufofi da aiki daga yanayin yanayi, muhalli da haɗari kimiyya da gudanarwa.
Hoton Martin Howard / UNISDR Kallon DRR Group ta hanyar Flickr.
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