Burin bincike ya kamata ya zama 'mai ban sha'awa, tunani da kuma abin dogaro' - Shirin Moonshot na Japan

Tunanin ayyukan bincike na 'manufa' ko 'moonshot' yana samun karɓuwa a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai niyya kan fahimta da magance matsalolin ƙalubale na duniya, a lokaci guda da ɗaukar tunanin jama'a. Daya daga cikin kasashe na farko da suka fara daukar matakin 'watanni' wajen tsara hanyoyin samar da kudade na bincike ita ce kasar Japan, kuma a cikin wannan takaitaccen shafin za mu yi nazari sosai kan yadda aka samar da shirin Moonshot.

An ba da Amsoshin da ke ƙasa daga ƙungiyar daga Sashen Bincike na Innovation na gaba, Ofishin Kimiyya, Fasaha da Ƙirƙira, Ofishin Majalisar Dokokin Japan; Harkokin Ƙasashen Duniya, Ofishin Kimiyya, Fasaha da Ƙirƙira, Ofishin Majalisar Dokokin Japan, Japan da Ofishin Manufofin Kiwon Lafiya, Sakatariyar Majalisar Ministocin Japan.

Da farko, mene ne ma’anar binciken ‘moonshot’ a gare ku?

'Wata Shot' yana wakiltar sabon ƙalubale da sabon salo na dabarun kimiyya da aka saita zuwa duniyar bincike. The burin bakwai a halin yanzu an saita don binciken Moonshot An tsara shi don ya zama masu buri kuma fatan shi ne cewa binciken da ke fitowa daga hasken wata zai yi tasiri mai yawa da kuma hidima ga al'umma.

Ta yaya ake aiwatar da tsarin 'wata-wata' ko manufar manufa a Japan?

Moonshot ya zo tare ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Ofishin Majalisar, Sakatariyar Majalisar, Ma'aikatu da Hukumomin da suka dace, Daraktocin Shirye-shiryen da Manajojin Ayyuka, da sauran cibiyoyin R&D. A halin yanzu, ana kan zaɓi don ayyuka, kuma yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa binciken jin daɗin wata bai iyakance ga ra'ayoyin bincike da ke fitowa daga cikin Japan ba. Muna fatan Moonshot zai zama kayan aiki don haɗin gwiwar duniya. Sharuɗɗan da suka tsara ƙa'idodin zaɓi don kimantawa suna samuwa ga jama'a akan gidan yanar gizon Moonshot da kuma a cikin kiran ayyukan (don burin 1-6, duba nan; don burin 7, duba nan).      

Menene ya motsa wannan hanyar? Ta yaya yake wakiltar canji daga yadda ake gudanar da bincike da kuma bin diddigin a Japan a da?

Moonshot ya biyo bayan shirin binciken IPACT da aka kammala kwanan nan. IPACT ya yi nasara a kansa, amma Moonshot yana da niyyar inganta ƙoƙarin mai da hankali don samar da bincike wanda ya shafi al'amuran al'umma, yau da kuma nan gaba. Daraktan shirye-shirye da tsarin kimantawa na waje sune mabuɗin a cikin wannan, ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa babban fayil ɗin ayyukan da ke da yuwuwar haifar da ci gaba na gaske.

"Ina son Shirin ya tsara manufofi, a wasu kalmomi, abin da yake so ya cimma, ba tare da togiya ba, don dacewa da furcin, moonshot, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin take".

Dan majalisa Fujii, wanda aka ambata a cikin bayanin kula daga Taron Majalisa Na Uku.

Wanene ya shiga cikin ƙoƙarin ayyana ayyukan da suka dace?

Tsarin aiwatar da shirin Moonshot da burin harbin wata bakwai ya shafi mutane daban-daban. Na farko, 'majalisar hangen nesa' - wacce ta kunshi kwararru daga fannoni daban-daban - tana da matukar muhimmanci wajen kafa abubuwan da suka sa a gaba a wata, wadanda su ne cewa ya kamata manufofin su zama masu ban sha'awa, tunani da kuma sahihanci. Jama'a kuma sun sami damar gabatar da manufofin misali, kuma an yi la'akari da gabatarwar kusan 1,800. Ma'aikatun da ke da alaƙa (MEXT, METI, MAFF) da hukumomin bayar da tallafi (JST, NEDO, NARO,) suma sun auna cikin don taimakawa wajen tantance sahihancin kimiyya na manufofin da aka ba da shawara. An tattauna manufofi shida na ƙarshe da aka tsara tare da ƙwararrun Jafananci da na ƙasa da ƙasa daga masana'antu, ilimi, da gwamnati a cikin Disamba 2019 Moonshot International Taro. Baya ga kwallaye shida da aka zura a raga. Manufar Moonshot 7 game da kiwon lafiya an yanke shawarar hedkwatar manufofin kula da lafiya, a cikin Yuli 2020. Sakatariyar majalisar ministocin, ma'aikatun da suka dace (MEXT, METI, MHLW) da hukumomin bayar da kudade (AMED) suna kula da Moonshot Goal 7, wanda aka kara da cewa matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa zai ci gaba da girma. Yawan mutanen da suka haura shekaru 100 ko sama da haka za su kai 300,000 a shekarar 2040, kuma ya zama dole a samu muhallin da kowa zai ji dadin rayuwa a kowane zamani, ba tare da wata damuwa ta kiwon lafiya ba, ta hanyar inganta tsawon rai. Magance cututtuka da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da salon rayuwa saboda tsufa, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da yawancin cututtukan, ya zama batu kuma akwai buƙatar ɗaukar matakai.

"Tsarin dole ne ya zama labari. Ya kamata maƙasudai su ƙunshi abubuwa kan ajanda na duniya. Dole ne su zama cakuda ƙalubale a cikin ɗan adam da kimiyya.

Memban majalisar Yoshimitsu Kobayashi, wanda aka ambata a cikin bayanin kula daga Taron Majalisa Na Uku.

'Majalisar hangen nesa' ta hada da mai fasaha Marissa Ozaki (wanda aka fi sani da sputniko!) da marubucin almarar kimiyya Taiyo Fujii, tare da masana kimiyya da shugabannin masana'antu. Me yasa yake da mahimmanci a ji daga irin waɗannan muryoyin?

Abubuwa uku na burin wata Shot sune "mai ban sha'awa", "haske" da "mai aminci". Gwamnati da masana kimiyya sun ƙware wajen tantance abin da ake sahihanci, amma yana iya zama ƙasa da ƙirƙira yayin da ya zo ga sauran abubuwan. Domin ƙirƙirar shirin da ba kasuwanci kawai ba kamar yadda aka saba, yana da mahimmanci a ji ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Kuna iya karanta ƙarin ra'ayoyin da aka bayyana online, tare da cikakken shawarwari daga Majalisar hangen nesa.

"Abubuwan ban sha'awa na makasudin Moonshot suna da matukar muhimmanci".

Member Council Eda, wanda aka ambata a cikin bayanin kula daga Taron Majalisa Na Uku.

Kun yi magana game da yadda Shirin Moonshot ke ƙarfafa R&D 'kalubale', ba tare da tsoron yin kuskure ba. Wannan ba sabon abu bane ga ayyukan da jama'a ke bayarwa. Me yasa yake da mahimmanci?

Majalisar Kimiyya, Fasaha, da Ƙirƙira (CSTI) ta yi imani da tsarin "Haɗari Mai Girma Mai Girma". Kalubalen da binciken Moonshot ke da nufin magancewa suna da fuskoki da yawa kuma masu rikitarwa. Sakamakon bincike na sabon labari, da ake buƙata don haɓaka sabbin abubuwan da suka wajaba don fuskantar waɗannan ƙalubalen, ta yanayinsa, ba a sani ba. Kamar tare da saka hannun jari na sirri, idan muka ɗauki ayyuka a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban fayil daban-daban, za mu iya shinge haɗari, kuma mu karɓi wasu gazawa. Daga cikin wannan tsarin, muna tsammanin Moonshot zai iya samar da sabbin abubuwa masu rushewa waɗanda ke cimma manyan manufofin.     

Tsarin tantance ayyukan a cikin 3^rd kuma 5^th an riga an tsara shekarun aiki. Me za a tantance? Kuna tsammanin ayyukan na iya canzawa ko kuma a daina su bayan waɗannan kimantawa?

Ee, mai yiyuwa ne a dakatar da ayyukan ko kuma a sake duba su sakamakon tsarin tantancewar lokaci-lokaci. An yi dalla-dalla ma'aunin kimantawa dalla-dalla a shafuffuka na 6-7 na takaddar Sharuɗɗa don Aiki da kimanta Shirin Moonshot R&D. Bugu da ƙari, Daraktan Shirin yana da sassaucin ra'ayi don yin canje-canje masu mahimmanci don tabbatar da manufa ta Moonshot ya fi dacewa. 

Menene a gaba na Shirin Moonshot?

Mun bude kira don shawarwarin ayyuka, don haka mataki na gaba shine zabar masu gudanar da ayyuka. Daraktan Shirin zai yi fayil ɗin da ya ƙunshi waɗannan ayyukan kuma bincike zai kasance ba da daɗewa ba. Don tabbatar da cewa binciken Moonshot ya ci gaba da ba da gudummawa don magance matsaloli masu mahimmanci, yana yiwuwa Moonshot ya samo asali, mai yuwuwa har ma da ƙara wasu Goals na Moonshot a nan gaba.

Hoto: NASA/JPL/ Cibiyar Kimiyyar sararin samaniya

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