Takaitaccen Bayani kan Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗiya: Saka abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa kan Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗiya a cikin tsarin bincike

Game da marubutan: Membobin SHARC (Raba Lada da Bashi) Interest Group ne suka shirya wannan labarin, wata ƙungiya mai alaƙa da fannoni daban-daban a cikin Research Data Alliance (RDARDA, wacce aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 2013, shiri ne na duniya baki ɗaya, wanda al'umma ke jagoranta wanda ke gina kayayyakin more rayuwa na zamantakewa da fasaha don ba da damar raba bayanai a fannoni daban-daban da iyakoki. Ƙungiyar SHARC ta fannoni daban-daban ta mayar da hankali kan inganta yadda ake gane ayyukan Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗiya, musamman raba bayanai da albarkatu, da kuma lada a cikin kimantawa na bincike.

Wani bincike da SHARC ta gudanar kwanan nan ya tabbatar da cewa ayyukan Buɗaɗɗen Kimiyya (OS) ba a san su sosai ba a cikin kimanta bincike. Cika wannan gibin zai buƙaci gyare-gyare mai kyau a tsakanin cibiyoyi, hukumomin ba da tallafi, masu wallafawa, da masu tsara manufofi. Ba tare da canje-canje ga tsarin ƙarfafa gwiwa ba, buɗewa zai ci gaba da zama buri maimakon al'ada.

Duk da saurin haɓakar Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗiya a matsayin manufa ta duniya, tsarin lada na ilimi ya kasance yana da alaƙa da ma'aunin gargajiya. OS yana haɓaka bayyananne, raba bayanai, software, da sauran sakamakon bincike, haɗin gwiwa, ingantaccen sake samarwa, da kuma ci gaban kimiyya cikin sauri. Duk da haka duk da waɗannan fa'idodin, karɓuwa har yanzu ba ta daidaita ba. Tsarin kimantawa na gargajiya waɗanda ke ba da fifiko ga ma'auni kamar tasirin mujallu da ambato suna ci gaba da mamaye su.

Gudummawa guda biyu da aka samu kwanan nan daga Research Data Alliance (RDA) Raba Lada da Bashi (SHARC) Interest Group - wani bincike na ƙasa da ƙasa kan gibin ganewa a ayyukan OS (PLOS ONE, 2024) da kuma jerin shawarwarin masu ruwa da tsaki (Mujallar Kimiyyar Bayanai, 2025) – nuna buƙatar yin gyare-gyare a tsarin don tabbatar da cewa abubuwan ƙarfafa bincike suna nuna ƙimar OS.

Binciken SHARC ya tattara amsoshi daga mahalarta 230 a nahiyoyi biyar. Manyan abubuwan da aka gano sun haɗa da:

• Kashi 90% sun saba da Buɗaɗɗen Kimiyya (OS).
• Kashi 63% sun fi shiga cikin wallafe-wallafen da ba a buɗe ba.
• Kadan ne suka shiga cikin wasu ayyukan OS kamar yin rijista kafin lokaci ko kuma sake duba abokan hulɗa.
• Kashi 74% sun san ƙa'idodin FAIR (Neman Samuwa, Samun Sauƙi, Haɗin Kai, da Sake Amfani da Su), amma kashi ɗaya bisa uku ne kawai suka ba da rahoton amfani da su a aikace (GYARA KYAUTA).
• Sama da kashi 50% sun ce cibiyoyinsu suna da manufofin tsarin aiki na yau da kullun, amma kaɗan ne suka ruwaito cewa suna samun ƙarfafa gwiwa don tallafawa aiwatarwa.

Waɗannan binciken sun nuna rashin jituwa tsakanin alƙawarin duniya ga tsarin aiki da kuma gaskiyar tsarin tantance bincike.

Lokacin da aka tambaye su waɗanne ayyuka ya kamata a ba su lada, waɗanda suka amsa sun ba da fifiko ga sarrafa bayanai a buɗe da kuma raba su, sannan kuma buga su a buɗe. Ayyuka kamar rabawa kafin bugawa da haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar yanayin bincike na kama-da-wane sun sami amsoshi daban-daban. Mafi rinjaye (85%) sun ba da rahoton cewa ƙungiyoyinsu ba su da hanyoyin bayar da lada na yau da kullun. Kamar yadda wani mahalarta ya lura: "Buga bayanai ko software a buɗe har yanzu ba a ƙidaya su a cikin sharuɗɗan tallata ni ba."

An tattara misalai masu kyau a ƙasashe kaɗan - ciki har da Faransa, Amurka, Netherlands, da Finland - inda cibiyoyi ke ba da kuɗi, kyaututtuka, lambobin yabo, ko wasu nau'ikan girmamawa. A fannoni da mukamai, mafi girman fifiko shine saka alamun OS kai tsaye cikin yanke shawara kan ɗaukar ma'aikata, haɓakawa, da kuɗaɗen tallafi. Masu amsa sun jaddada buƙatar daidaita ma'auni na inganci da adadi, tabbatar da cewa an gane gudummawar OS ba tare da kwaikwayi iyakokin ma'auni na yanzu ba. Gabaɗaya, binciken ya bayyana buƙatar yin gyare-gyare na tsari don daidaita abubuwan ƙarfafa bincike tare da dabi'u da ayyukan OS.

Domin magance waɗannan gibin, ƙungiyar RDA SHARC Interest Group ta ƙirƙiri shawarwari don bayar da kalmomi iri ɗaya, kayan aikin taswira, da jagora mai amfani ga cibiyoyi, masu ba da kuɗi, da masu wallafawa kan yadda za a daidaita abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa da ƙa'idodin OS. Ta hanyar haɗa waɗannan cikin tsarin ɗaukar ma'aikata, haɓakawa, da kuɗaɗen tallafi, shawarwarin suna da nufin gina al'adar bincike wacce ke gane da kuma ba da lada ga gudummawar OS akai-akai.

Shawarwari don ladabtar da ayyukan Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗiya

Ƙungiyoyi masu gudanar da bincike ya kamata a amince da gudummawar da aka bayar ta hanyar tsarin aiki ta hanyar haɗa bayanai, lambar FAIR, da sauran abubuwan da aka samu a cikin sharuɗɗan ɗaukar ma'aikata, wa'adin aiki, da haɓakawa. Ya kamata a tabbatar da bin diddigin bayanai ta hanyar bayanan samuwa, ambato, da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa masu ɗorewa fiye da tsarin wallafe-wallafe na gargajiya. Ƙungiyoyi ya kamata su kuma saka hannun jari a cikin kayayyakin more rayuwa, horo, da tallafin ma'aikata, kuma su bayar da lada mai ma'ana kamar kyaututtuka, lambobin yabo, ko sabbaticals.

Example: The Taswirar Hanyar CNRS don OS yana la'akari da fitarwa kawai da aka ajiye a cikin ma'ajiyar ajiya a buɗe yayin bitar aiki, yayin da Tsarin NORCAM ya haɗa da ayyukan OS a cikin kimantawa na bincike da ci gaban aiki.

Masu ba da kuɗi ya kamata su ba da umarni da kuma tallafawa ayyukan OS - gami da kula da bayanai, rabawa, da horarwa - kuma su amince da sakamako daban-daban kamar bayanai, software, da bugu na farko a matsayin gudummawar bincike na farko. Ya kamata su kuma sa ido kan bin ƙa'idodin OS kuma su ba da rahoton sakamakon da aka samu a cikin asusunsu don tabbatar da ɗaukar nauyi da kuma ƙarfafa mafi kyawun aiki.

Example: ANII na Uruguay ya haɗa da kasafin kuɗin tsarin aiki na musamman a cikin shawarwarin tallafi. Kimiyyar Daidaita Daidaita Tsakanin Cutar Parkinson (ASAP) Tsarin aiki na OS yana buƙatar waɗanda aka ba wa tallafi su raba bayanai, lambar sirri, yarjejeniyoyi, da muhimman kayan aiki a cikin ma'ajiyar bayanai tare da bugu na farko da rubuce-rubucen da aka buɗe.

Masu bugawa ya kamata su yi amfani da na'urorin gano bayanai masu dorewa (misali ORCIDs, DOIs) ga marubuta, bayanan bayanai, software, da sauran kayayyakin bincike, kuma ya kamata su ba da umarnin ambato mai dacewa da bin ƙa'idodi na AMINCI don inganta ganowa da sake amfani da su. Ya kamata kuma su goyi bayan sake duba abokan hulɗa, sanya editoci su sake duba bayanan bayanai, lambar, da kayan aiki, da kuma ɗaukar tsarin bayar da gudummawa kamar CRediT don a amince da nau'ikan gudummawa daban-daban a hukumance.

Example: The Manufar PLOS OS yana haɓaka raba kayan tarihi na bincike, gami da bayanai, lambar, da kayan aiki, da kuma sa ido kan bin ƙa'idodi ta hanyar Ma'aunin OS. Masanin Halitta na Amurka sanya sadaukarwa editocin bayanai don tabbatar da cewa bayanai da lambar sun bi ƙa'idodin FAIR.

Masu tsara manufofi na gwamnati ya kamata a haɗa tsarin aiki (OS) cikin dabarun kimiyya na ƙasa, gami da hanyoyin bayar da lada da amincewa tun daga farko. Haka kuma ya kamata su haɓaka daidaito da haɗin kai don tallafawa haɗin kai da kuma kimantawa mai dorewa a tsakanin cibiyoyi.

Example: Faransa (MHERI, 2021da Netherlands (Gielen da sauransu, 2022) sun saka tsarin lada ga tsarin aiki a cikin manufofin kimiyyar ƙasa.

Masu bincike ɗaiɗaikun mutane ya kamata su yi amfani da na'urori masu gano abubuwa masu dorewa kamar ORCIDs da DOI don haɓaka gani da kuma gano abubuwa. Ya kamata su bi diddigin kuma su ambaci sakamakon OS, gami da bayanai, software, da sauran kayayyaki, a cikin CV da aikace-aikace, kuma su yi amfani da hanyoyin gane alamu kamar bajoji ko ayyukan jakada don nuna gudummawarsu.

Example: Masu bincike za su iya inganta ganin aiki ta hanyar haɗa sakamakon OS da na'urorinsu ORCID bayanai da kuma aikace-aikacen Alamomin OS zuwa ayyukansu.

Dole ne a karanta akan ilimin kimiyya 

• Ficewar Amurka daga UNESCO: Me wannan ke nufi ga Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗiya? 
• Matsi daga wallafe-wallafen kimiyya 
• Rungumar sarkakiyar '100% OA': daga kashi zuwa kashi ɗaya 
• Buɗaɗɗen damar shiga da sakamakon bincike: Wanene ke da iliminmu? 
• Jami'o'i dole ne su dawo da binciken AI don amfanin jama'a 
• Makon Shiga Buɗe Ido na Duniya na 2025 daga tattaunawa kan jigon: "Wa Ya Mallaki Iliminmu?" 
• Ka'idar CS: a bayan fage na wata mujallar kimiyya mai buɗewa 
• Yadda aikin gama gari ya tsara hanyoyin samun damar shiga a Latin Amurka 
• Buɗaɗɗen Shiga dole ne ya yi aiki ga kowa da kowa 
• Kayayyakin ɗan adam na kimiyya a buɗe: dalilin da yasa jagoranci ke da mahimmanci fiye da kowane lokaci 
• Bayanan masu ba da kuɗi na buɗewa yana da mahimmanci don bayyana gaskiya game da bincike 

Sabbin ci gaba a fannin kimiyya a bude 

• Taron Kimiyya da Buɗaɗɗen Tallafin Karatu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi kira da a ɗauki mataki don shawo kan rashin daidaito a aikace da shigaSanarwar Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Taron ta sake tabbatar da cewa kimiyya a bude take ta haɓaka ilimi a matsayin wani abu mai amfani ga al'umma a duniya kuma tana tsaye a matsayin muhimmin abin da ke ƙara wa aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Nan Gaba. 

• Gyaran Buga Kimiyya: Sanarwar StockholmBayan wani taro a watan Yunin 2025 a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Royal Swedish, sanarwar kira ce ta haɗa kan gwamnatoci masu son rai, masu ba da tallafi, makarantu, da ƙungiyoyin kimiyya a duk duniya don ɗaukar mataki cikin gaggawa don taimakawa wajen dawo da aminci ga kimiyya. 

• coOAlition S yana ƙarfafa jajircewar Buɗe Hanya yayin da yake ci gaba da mataki na gaba na dabarun. Shekaru bakwai bayan ƙaddamar da Shirin S, ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta samar da kuɗaɗen bincike da ƙungiyoyin tallafi sun ayyana wani sabon shiri na dabarun ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa don ci gaba da ƙoƙarinsu na samar da damar shiga ga kowa a nan gaba (2026-2030). 

• Bugawa 'ba ta tashi' a Afirka ba. Masana sun yi gargaɗi a wani taron tattaunawa na yanar gizo na ranar 12 ga Nuwamba cewa har yanzu ba a sami wani ci gaba a fannin bincike a Afirka ba, duk da yuwuwar da suke da ita na hanzarta samun damar shiga da haɗin gwiwa a bainar jama'a. 

• Ci gaba kan tattaunawar bude kofa a Ostiraliya da New ZealandMajalisar Masu Ɗakunan Karatu na Jami'o'in Australasia (CAUL), Jami'o'in Ostiraliya, da Jami'o'in New Zealand, sun cimma wata sabuwar yarjejeniya mai muhimmanci da Taylor & Francis.  

• Cibiyar Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗiya ta ba da tallafin kuɗi don adanawa da kare bayanan kimiyya da gwamnati ke tallafawaAn bai wa COS tallafi daga Gidauniyar Robert Wood Johnson (RWJF) don haɓaka wani shiri na dabarun da al'umma ke jagoranta don tabbatar da adana bayanai na kimiyya da gwamnatin tarayya ke tallafawa na dogon lokaci, samun dama, da kuma amfani da su. 

• UNESCO ta wallafa sakamakon shawarwarin da aka samu kan tsarin bude hanyar lu'u-lu'u na duniyaRahoton ya gabatar da sakamakon binciken "Shawarwari kan Tsarin Samun Dama na Duniya na Diamond," wanda UNESCO ta gudanar a yanar gizo tsakanin Satumba 2024 da Janairu 2025. 

• Dakunan karatu na Amurka sun sami tallafin kuɗi don haɓaka Diamond Open AccessLyrasis, tare da haɗin gwiwar Cibiyar Shirye-shiryen Laburare ta Big Ten Academic Alliance da California Digital Library (CDL), an ba su tallafin dala $206,886 daga Gidauniyar Gates don haɓaka wallafe-wallafen ilimi waɗanda al'umma ke gudanarwa a Amurka. 

• Matasa masu kirkire-kirkire sun bayyana jajircewarsu ga kimiyya a budeAn gudanar da wani taron tattaunawa na kasa da kasa mai taken "Haɗa Duniya: Ƙarfin Matasa a Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗiya" a birnin Beijing a watan Nuwamba domin tattauna damammaki da ƙalubalen haɗin gwiwar kimiyya na duniya a tsakanin yanayin ci gaba na kimiyya a buɗe da kuma gasar fasaha ta duniya. 

• arXiv ta sami tallafin dala miliyan 7 don haɓakawa daga Schmidt Sciences da NASA don haɓaka arXiv, wani wurin bincike mai buɗewa wanda ke ɗauke da labarai sama da miliyan 2.8.  

• Cibiyar Bincike da Ilimi ta Kasashen Larabawa (ASREN) ta ƙaddamar da sabon dandamali na shiga buɗewa tare da LA Referencia da RedCLARAAn sanar da wani muhimmin ci gaba a tarihi ga yankin Larabawa a watan Disamba, inda aka kaddamar da Tibr a hukumance, Arab Regional Open Access Harvester, wani dandamali mai budewa wanda ke hadewa, hadewa, da kuma inganta sakamakon kimiyya na kasashen Larabawa ta hanyar amfani da hanya daya tilo. 

• Shirin Kula da Kimiyya na Buɗaɗɗen Bayani (OSMI) ya fitar da sakamakon bincikensa na 2025. OSMI ta gudanar da bincike kan masu samar da abubuwan da suka shafi ilimi don fahimtar ayyukan sa ido na yanzu, sakamakon da ba a bayyana ba, da kuma buƙatu masu tasowa.  

• Sabuwar haɗin gwiwa tana ƙarfafa dubban masu bincike don raba hanyoyin bincike, inganta sake haifuwa da kuma haɓaka ci gaban kimiyya a duniyaSpringer Nature and Research4Life ta faɗaɗa haɗin gwiwa don haɗawa da samun damar shiga protocols.io ga masana kimiyya a cikin ƙasashe sama da 90 masu ƙarancin kuɗi. 

• Jami'o'in Burtaniya sun cimma yarjejeniya da manyan masu wallafa littattafai guda huduJami'o'in Burtaniya sun cimma sabbin yarjejeniyoyi na wucin gadi na wallafe-wallafe da Elsevier, Springer Nature, Taylor & Francis da Wiley waɗanda ke da nufin haɓaka damar shiga, gami da gwaji don cire kuɗin sarrafa labarai, kodayake damuwar araha yana nufin wasu cibiyoyi na iya kin amincewa da hakan. 

• Manufofin Bogota: Zuwa ga kimiyya mai buɗaɗɗiya, dimokuraɗiyya da kuma dacewa da zamantakewa a Latin Amurka da CaribbeanSanarwar da Majalisar Kimiyyar Zamantakewa ta Latin Amurka ta fitar, wacce ta yi kira da a sauya kimiyya a Latin Amurka da Caribbean zuwa wani aiki na dimokuradiyya, mai dacewa da zamantakewa, da kuma bude kofa - a dauki ilimin kimiyya a matsayin wani abu na al'umma, a inganta tsarin kimantawa mai hadewa, da kuma tabbatar da halartar al'umma, ikon mallakar fasaha, da kuma samun damar adalci (wanda ake samu a cikin Sifaniyanci da Ingilishi). 

Bude abubuwan Kimiyya da dama 

• Kira ga masu sha'awar shiga Kungiyar Hadin Kan Duniya don Ayyukan Kimiyya Buɗaɗɗen Bayani (SCOSS) – wa'adin ƙarshe: 15 Janairu 2026 
• Kira don neman aikace-aikace: Kyautar 2026 WDS Data Management Award – wa'adin ƙarshe: 16 Janairu 2026 
• Tayin neman tantance sakatariyar mai masaukin baki ta COAlition S – wa'adin ƙarshe: 31 Janairu 2026 
• Taron Duniya na 3 kan Buɗewar Diamond – 2-6 ga Fabrairu 2026, Bengaluru, Indiya 

Hoto ta Leif Christoph Gottwald on Unsplash

Disclaimer
Bayanai, ra'ayoyi da shawarwarin da aka gabatar a cikin shafukan yanar gizon baƙi namu na masu ba da gudummawa ne kuma ba lallai bane su nuna dabi'u da imani na Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya.

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