Sabon bincike ya inganta zato game da tasirin cinikin abinci na duniya kan nau'ikan halittu

An buga wannan labarin a farko Mujallar Anthropocene.

Sau da yawa ana zargin cinikin abinci na duniya da hanzarta lalata nau'ikan halittu a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi masu fama da talauci, don iza wutar sha'awar ƙasashe masu arziki na 'ya'yan itace, kofi, waken soya, naman sa, da dabino. 

Amma masu binciken da suka gudanar da wani bincike na kut-da-kut kan sauye-sauyen ciniki tsakanin kasashe sun bayyana cewa gaskiyar ta fi karkata: Wasu cinikin abinci na duniya na iya taimakawa wajen kare nau'in halittun duniya, yayin da ake shigo da karin abincin da ake nomawa a kasashe masu arziki a cikin masu arzikin halittu. kasashe fiye da yadda muka sani a baya. 

Waɗannan mahimman abubuwan shigo da su, masu binciken sun bayyana, na iya taimaka wa ƙasashe masu zafi don adana mafi yawan ƙasashensu na daji.

"Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa tasirin cinikin abinci na kasa da kasa kan kwararar wuraren rabe-raben halittu ya fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda aka ruwaito a binciken da suka gabata," sun rubuta a cikin sabon su. Yanayin Abinci takarda. 

Binciken da suka yi ya karkasa kasashe 157 bisa ga matsayinsu na bambancin halittu, sannan suka kara raba wadannan nau'o'in zuwa kasashe masu karamin karfi da masu kudin shiga. Da wadannan alamomin, masu binciken sun yi nazari kan yadda harkokin kasuwanci ke gudana tsakanin kasashe, inda suka gano kasashen da aka fi fitar da su, da kuma wadanda aka fi shigo da abinci, tsakanin shekarar 2000 zuwa 2018. 

A cikin wannan ma'auni mai tarin yawa sun gano abubuwa biyu masu ban mamaki. Kasashe masu tasowa da ke da karancin nau'o'in halittu sune masu fitar da kayayyaki tsakanin 2000 zuwa 2018. A halin da ake ciki, yawancin kasashe masu karamin karfi wadanda ke dauke da nau'ikan halittu masu yawa sune masu shigo da abinci a wannan lokacin. 

Wannan ya bayyana a wasu lambobi masu ban mamaki. Kasashe masu yawan kudin shiga da ke da karancin nau'ikan halittu sun samar da kashi 34.5% na kayayyakin da ake fitarwa a duniya - wanda ya fi abinci fiye da yadda ake shigo da su daga kasashe masu karamin karfi. Fitar da kayayyaki daga masu karamin karfi, kasashe masu karancin halittu suma sun karu a wannan lokacin, tare da kasashe ciki har da Ukraine da Romania sun kara fitar da abinci da ake samarwa a cikin gida daga 3.2% a cikin 2000 zuwa 18.7% a cikin 2018. 

Daga cikin abincin da ake fitarwa daga kasashe masu samun kudin shiga zuwa yankuna masu karamin karfi na duniya, kashi 97% sun yi tafiya zuwa kasashen da su ma ke dauke da manyan wuraren rabe-raben halittu. Wannan yanayin shigo da kayayyaki ya bayyana kansa a ma'aunin ƙasa kuma, misali ɗaya shine Vietnam mai arzikin halittu, wanda ya haɓaka shigo da abinci daga kusan tan miliyan 1.2, kusan ninki 20 zuwa tan miliyan 23.2 a cikin 2018. 

A dunkule, wannan ma'auni mai girma na fitar da kayayyaki daga kasashen da ba su da ra'ayi mai yawa a duniya zai iya haifar da abubuwa masu kyau ga muhalli, da farko saboda ana samun kaso mai yawa na fitar da kayayyaki daga yankunan da noma ke haifar da takaitaccen barazana ga halittu. A halin yanzu, tare da kasashe masu yawan halittu suna shigo da kaso mafi girma na abincinsu fiye da yadda muka fahimta a baya, kasuwanci na iya taka rawar kariya ta hanyar rage matsin lamba a cikin yankunan gida don samar da abinci a wadannan yankuna masu arzikin nau'in nau'in, in ji masu binciken.

Wannan ya samo asali ne ta hanyar lissafinsu cewa a cikin ƙasashe masu arzikin halittu masu ƙarancin kuɗi, kusan 99,246 km2 na ƙasar - yanki mai kusan rabin girman Cuba - ya tsira daga shekaru 20 na kasuwanci na ƙarshe, mazaunin daji wanda zai iya kasancewa. an keɓe shi zuwa gonaki, idan ba don shigo da kaya ba ne ya maye gurbin noman cikin gida.

Masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa shigo da kayayyaki na iya ƙara rage barazanar rayuwa ta hanyar rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da takin zamani a yankuna masu yawan halittu, inda haɓaka aikin gona ya fi girma. 

Wannan ba yana nufin cewa tsarin kasuwancin abinci na duniya yana da lissafin muhalli mai tsabta ba: hoton har yanzu yana da rikitarwa. Yayin da kasashe masu arziki za su iya ba da karin abinci ga masu karamin karfi, kasashe masu arzikin halittu, su ma suna ci gaba da kara kuzarin bukatar abinci mai yawa da ke haifar da lalata muhalli a wasu kasashe.

Misali shi ne Indonesiya da Malesiya, kasashe biyu da suka fi arzikin halittun halittu a duniya, wadanda dukkansu suka zama masu fitar da kayayyaki a tsakanin shekarun 2000-2018 saboda karuwar bukatar dabino a duniya. Wannan tashin hankali ba shakka ya haifar da dagulewa a kan daji, ƙasashe dabam-dabam, kuma kamar yadda ake yi da kayayyaki da yawa da ake shigowa da su daga ƙasashe masu zafi, ya baiwa ƙasashe masu arziki damar fitar da illar muhallin abincinsu. 

Koyaya, bayyana cewa wasu kasuwancin na iya samun tasirin kariya yana ba mu ra'ayin yadda za mu inganta da haɓaka wannan fasalin, masu binciken sun ba da shawarar. A halin yanzu, inda samar da abinci ke haifar da lahani ga muhalli, ana iya nunawa a cikin hauhawar farashin kayan abinci, kuma "ana iya amfani da irin wannan karin farashin don rage tasirin tasirin halittu," in ji su. 

Ciniki ya kasance mai sarƙaƙƙiya da ajizanci. Amma ta hanyar fahimtarsa ​​daki-daki kamar yadda wannan binciken ke ƙoƙarin yi, za mu iya samun damar canza shi zuwa kayan aiki don ingantacciyar kariya ga bambancin halittu. 

Hakanan zaku iya sha'awar:

Rahoton Tsarin Abinci na Resilient ISC-IIASA

Rahoton ya bayar da hujjar cewa fifikon inganci, wanda ke haifar da juyin halittar tsarin abinci, yana buƙatar daidaitawa ta hanyar mai da hankali kan juriya da damuwar daidaito. Kamar yadda bala'in ya nuna wannan ya haɗa da faɗaɗa iyawa da isa ga cibiyoyin tsaro da tsare-tsaren kariya. Hakanan ya haɗa da kimantawa da kuma inda ya cancanta daidaita sarƙoƙin wadata da ciniki cikin ƙarfinsu don ɗauka da daidaitawa da yawa na haɗari.

image da Julian Andres Carmona Serrato on Unsplash.