Pretinha ta kalli kyamarar kuma ta bayyana cewa ba ta da shirin komawa gidanta a Brazil. Ta sami 'yancin kai a ma'adinan zinare na Suriname kuma tana son 'yancin kai da abokantaka. Pretinha ta bar Brazil a shekara ta 2006 don neman ingantacciyar rayuwa a Suriname. Bayan ta yi aiki a aikin albashi don gina wasu tanadi, ta zama 'yar kasuwa mai ma'adinai. A gareta, zama ɗan ƙaura a filayen zinari na Suriname ya fi zama cikin fargabar tashin hankalin da masu hakar ma'adinai ke fuskanta a ƙasarsu. Ma'adinan ba ya samar da zinariya a yanzu, in ji ta, amma tana da yakinin cewa dukiyarta za ta canza, kuma za ta gano zinariyar da ba a sani ba wanda ya jawo ta da wasu 30,000 zuwa ma'adinan Suriname.
Pretinha tana magana da Marjo de Theije, masanin ilimin ɗan adam a Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Marjo da Pretinha sun fara haduwa a shekara ta 2006 kuma haɗin gwiwarsu na dogon lokaci ya haifar da samar da wani fim wanda Pretinha ta ba da labarin yadda ta yi shawarwari game da rashin lafiyar haƙar zinare, 'hanyar rayuwa' wacce ke da alaƙa da sa'a, yanci, motsi, da dama. don samun kuɗi. Fim ɗin, Gold Surprises Us, wanda aka yi tare da Júlia Morim, ya nuna yadda masu hakar ma'adinai irin su Pretinha suke rayuwa da bege cewa hakar zinare zai canza rayuwarsu.
Hoto: Júlia Morim
Miliyoyin mutane kamar Pretinha a cikin ƙasashe sama da 80 a Kudancin Duniya sun dogara da sana'a da ƙananan ma'adinan zinare (ASGM) don rayuwarsu. Amma ASGM yana haifar da mummunan muhalli, zamantakewa, aiki da tasirin lafiya. Wadannan tasirin ana ƙarfafa su ta hanyar tsarin siyasa wanda ke yin adawa da dorewa mafi girma a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ma'adinai, da kuma talauci da rashin daidaito da masu hakar ma'adinai ke fuskanta a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum, duk suna haifar da shinge mai nauyi ga dorewa.
"Gwamnati da jama'a sukan dauki wadannan masu hakar ma'adinai a matsayin masu laifi wadanda ke da alhakin lalata muhalli," in ji Marjo.
"Idan ASGM za ta ci gaba da kai ga kowane matakin dorewa, dole ne mu koyi yadda masu hakar gwal, kamar Pretinha, suke hulɗa da su, fahimta, da canza dangantakar su zuwa duniyar halitta, zamantakewa, siyasa da tattalin arziki."
Wani aikin mai suna Binciko Canje-canje zuwa Dorewa a cikin Artisanal da Ƙananan Ma'adinan Zinare: Ra'ayoyin Yanki da Multi-Actor, ko Gold Matters, yayi nazari ko kuma yadda sauye-sauyen al'umma zuwa makomar ma'adinai mai dorewa zai yiwu a cikin fasaha na fasaha da ƙananan ma'adinai. A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Canje-canje zuwa Dorewa (T2S) na dandalin Belmont, cibiyar sadarwar NORFACE da Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya, aikin ya haɗu da ƙungiyar masu canji don gudanar da bincike a Brazil, Suriname, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Guinea da Uganda.
Aikin ya tambayi yadda za mu iya fahimtar abin da masu hakar ma'adinan nan gaba suke tsammani da kuma fata. Ya ba da karɓuwa ga muryoyin masu hakar ma'adinai, hukuma da ilimin tare da fatan haɓaka ƙarin hanyoyin dimokuradiyya don magance ƙalubalen dorewa. Ƙungiyoyin aikin sun yi amfani da haɗin gwiwar fasaha don baiwa waɗanda ke da hannu damar sadarwa game da rayuwarsu ta rayuwa ta hakar ma'adinai da kuma taimakawa masu sa ido na waje su sami karin haske game da rayuwarsu.
Eleanor Fisher, shugabar aikin kuma masanin ilmin dan Adam a Cibiyar Afirka ta Nordic da ke Sweden ta ce "Mun shirya ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyi na hangen duniyar ma'adinai waɗanda aka nuna su ta hanyoyi marasa kyau, ra'ayi da kamanceceniya. Tun da ma’aikatan hakar ma’adinai suna aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a cikin ramukan da ba za su iya shiga ba ko kuma don suna aiki a wurare masu nisa ko kuma cikin inuwar doka, yawancin ayyukansu ba su da tabbas. Zane-zane ta hanyar daukar hoto, bidiyo da zane-zane yana taimakawa wajen haskaka bambance-bambancen wuraren hakar ma'adinai da kusanci da ke tsakanin masu hakar ma'adinai da wadannan wuraren.'
Hanya na gani yana taimakawa buɗe damar masu hakar ma'adinai su gabatar da kansu da mutunci da kuma gina damar da za su haɗu da masu ruwa da tsaki na hakar ma'adinai tare don magance matsalolin dorewa.
Hoto: Nii Obodai
Ƙungiyar Gold Matters ta gina aikinsu a kan manufar haɗin gwiwa, wato yin aiki tare da masu hakar ma'adinai da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki don fahimta da kuma kwatanta duniya masu hakar gwal.
Eleanor ya ce: "Mun nemi yin aiki tare don fahimtar makomar da zinare ta samu," in ji Eleanor. 'Matsalolin Zinariya ba su yi niyyar daidaita fassarar ilimin ma'adinai da ayyuka na gida zuwa harshen duniya na dorewa ba, ko kuma bayyana yadda canji ya kamata ya faru a aikin hakar gwal. Mun so mu koyi yadda masu hakar ma'adinai ke hasashen kalubalen dorewa da makomarsu ciki da wajen hakar ma'adinai. Tare da masu fasaha, mun haɗu da masu hakar ma'adinai don wakiltar aikinsu, rayuwarsu da makomarsu don wasu su fi fahimta.'
Tawagar ta Gold Matters ta hada da masu fasaha guda biyu, Nii Obodai, mai daukar hoto kuma darakta na NUKU studio a Ghana, da Christophe Sawadogo, mai zane a Burkina Faso. Wasu kuma sun shiga tawagar domin yin ayyuka daban-daban: Gideon Vink, mai shirya fina-finai a Burkina Faso; Júlia Morim, mai shirya fina-finai a Brazil; Mabel Seena, dalibin daukar hoto a Ghana; da Achom Agatha, mai zane a Uganda.
Hoto: Nii Obodai
Abubuwan da aka gani sun haɗa da hotuna, zane-zane, sassakawar jama'a, da fina-finai. An samar da waɗannan ayyukan zane-zane a wurin, inda ake aikin hakar gwal, kuma samarwa ya haɗa da yanayin shiga.
Don nuna yuwuwar yin aiki tare da samun ƙarin haske, Gold Matters sun gudanar da taron bita a Kejetia, a arewacin Ghana. Taron ya mayar da hankali ne kan hadin gwiwar da ba ta dace ba. Ya ƙunshi mazauna yankin Kejetia masu hakar ma'adinai da kuma daga wasu sassa na Ghana (ciki har da maza masu hakar zinare, mata masu aikin sarrafa tama da ƴan makaranta). Dan kungiya da mai zane Christophe Sawadogo sun yi aiki tare da mata a Kejetia don ƙirƙirar sassaken jama'a. An yi amfani da tarkacen katako don wakiltar ma'adinan ma'adinan da aka rufe a cikin jakunkuna da aka yi amfani da su don ɗaukar ma'adinan ma'adinai, tare da fentin da aka haɗa da gangan da ƙasa.
Aikin zane ya zama wurin tunawa da masu hakar gwal da suka mutu a wani mummunan hatsarin hakar ma'adinan karkashin kasa guda biyu a Kejetia. 'Yana da mahimmanci a hada karfi da kuzari tare,' in ji Christophe. 'Fasaha wani bangare ne na rayuwar zamantakewa. Yana bayyana kyau da radadin mutane, kuma yana magance matsalolin al'umma ta sabbin hanyoyi.'
Babban makasudin aikin Zinariya shine cewa kayan gani da aka kirkira tare da membobin al'ummomin ma'adinai yakamata su kewaya tsakanin waɗannan al'ummomin. Tawagar ta yi hasashen shirya nune-nune na 'pop-up', wanda zai tashi daga yammacin Afirka, zuwa Uganda, da Amazon, da kuma kara sabbin ayyuka yayin da suke kan hanya. COVID-19 ya kawo cikas ga waɗannan tsare-tsaren, don haka ƙungiyar ta haɓaka baje koli. The Nunin yana ɗaukar masu sauraro a kan tafiya mai motsi zuwa sakamakon gani daga Amazon, Uganda da Yammacin Afirka.
"Tare da Gold Matters mun haɓaka wani dandamali don samar da ƙarin ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa game da rayuwar masu hakar gwal, kamar Pretinha, wanda kwarewar rayuwa ta fuskanci yawancin rashin daidaito da rashin adalci, yayin da kuma bude damar yin tattaunawa kan dorewa," in ji Eleanor.
Ga Marjo, Eleanor da ƙungiyar Gold Matter, haɗin gwiwa tare da masu hakar gwal sun jadada yadda waɗannan masu hakar ma'adinai ke shiga cikin gwagwarmaya na asali don haƙƙin mallaka da buƙatun. A gare su, samun tsaro a nan da yanzu shine fifikon su. Eleanor ya ce: "Mun koyi cewa mayar da hankali kan ƙananan ma'adinan zinare a matsayin wani lamari mai mahimmanci bai isa ba idan muna son samun ci gaba don ɗorewa," in ji Eleanor. 'Maimakon haka, dole ne mu magance matsalolin dorewa a cikin hakar zinari bisa la'akari da sauye-sauye na al'umma da ke ba da aikin yi, dama da adalci ga ma'aikata na yau da kullum a duk duniya.'
Hoton hoto na Christophe Sawadogo
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