Game da marubucin:
Luisa Fernanda Echeverría King, PhD, ƙwararriya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa a fannin diflomasiyyar kimiyya, haɗa kan manyan makarantu, da haɗin gwiwa a fannin kimiyya, fasaha, da kirkire-kirkire. Ita mamba ce a Kwamitin Hulɗa na Ƙungiyar Cibiyar ISC ta Yankin Latin Amurka da Caribbean Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Darakta a fannin Diflomasiyya da Haɗin gwiwar Kimiyya na Duniya a Jami'ar Simón Bolívar da ke Barranquilla, Colombia, inda take jagorantar shirye-shiryen da ke haɗa jami'o'i, gwamnatoci, da abokan hulɗa na ƙasashen duniya don ƙarfafa yanayin bincike da haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin yankuna da musayar ilimi na duniya.
A Latin Amurka, dorewar kuɗi ta kimiyya, fasaha, da kirkire-kirkire (STI) ta zama babbar matsala ga ci gaban yankin. A tsakiyar karuwar rashin tabbas na tattalin arziki, canjin siyasa, da kuma gasa a duniya don ilimi, saka hannun jari a fannin kimiyya ba zaɓi bane, amma yana da mahimmanci. Tallafin kuɗi mai ɗorewa yana tabbatar da ci gaba da ayyuka masu inganci, ƙarfafa ƙarfin cibiyoyi, da haɓaka walwala ga jama'a. Duk da haka, wannan muhimmin abu yakan lalace ta hanyar rashin kwanciyar hankali na tsarin aiki da kuma rikicin tattalin arziki mai maimaitawa wanda ke nuna yanayin yankin.
A cewar mafi yawancin rahoton kwanan nan ta Red de Indicadores de Ciencia y Tecnología, bisa bayanan 2023, Latin Amurka da Caribbean sun saka hannun jari kawai. 0.60% na GDP ɗinsa a fannin bincike da ci gaba (R&D). Wannan yana wakiltar Kashi 4.4% ne kawai na jimillar jarin bincike da ci gaban duniya, wani mataki da ya yi ƙasa da sauran yankunan duniya, wanda ke nuna iyakokin tsarin da ake da su a tsarin kimiyya da kirkire-kirkire na yankin.
Zuba jari kuma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a fannin ƙasa: Brazil tana da kusan kashi 62.5% na jimillar kuɗin da ake kashewa a yankuna, yayin da Mexico da Argentina suna ba da gudummawar kusan kashi 10% kowannensu, Da kuma Chile da Colombia sun kai kashi 3%, wanda hakan ya bar sauran ƙasashe su raba ƙaramin kaso na jimillar jarin.
Duk da cewa yankin ya fuskanci ci gaban GDP mai dorewa tsakanin 2014 da 2023, ci gaban jarin bincike da ci gaban fasaha ya yi ƙasa da ci gaban tattalin arziki gaba ɗaya, koda bayan murmurewa bayan annobar.
Rashin ƙarfin kuɗaɗen kimiyya a yankin ba wai kawai yana iyakance ikon aiwatar da ayyuka masu tasiri ba ne, har ma yana haifar da tasirin jingina. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙaura daga haziƙai, lalacewar kayayyakin more rayuwa na kimiyya, da katse shirye-shiryen dabaru. Bugu da ƙari, wannan rauni yana ƙara ta'azzara ta hanyar yadda ajandar siyasa ta ƙasa ke kallon abubuwa. tallafin jama'a don bincike a matsayin wani abu da za a iya rabawa a lokutan daidaita kasafin kuɗi. Saboda haka, rashin hanyoyin samar da kuɗaɗe iri-iri a ƙananan ƙasashe yana kawo cikas ga ikonsu na magance ƙalubalen da ke tsakanin iyakoki, don haka mayar da kimiyya zuwa matsayi na biyu a cikin manufofin ƙasashen waje na yanki da kuma ajandar diflomasiyya.
Rashin daidaiton siyasa a ƙasashe da dama a yankin ya haifar da katsewar hukumomi, raunana ma'aikatun kimiyya, rage kasafin kuɗi kwatsam, da kuma soke manufofin gwamnati. Wannan rashin daidaiton yana da matuƙar tasiri ga dorewar yanayin kimiyya, fasaha da kirkire-kirkire (STI), waɗanda ke buƙatar tsare-tsare na dogon lokaci da tsarin shugabanci mai juriya.
Ba tare da ingantaccen tushen kuɗi ba, ba zai yiwu a ci gaba da tsare-tsaren kimiyya waɗanda ke da ikon magance ƙalubale masu sarkakiya kamar sauyin yanayi, sauyin dijital, sauyin makamashi da tsaron abinci ba. Bai kamata a ɗauki kimiyyar kuɗi a matsayin kuɗi kawai ba, amma jarin dabaru don ci gaba mai ɗorewa, 'yancin kai na fasaha da daidaiton zamantakewa.
Domin cimma wannan, gwamnatoci, jami'o'i, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa dole ne su ɗauki alƙawarin haɗin gwiwa cikin gaggawa wanda ke tabbatar da isasshen kuɗaɗen gwamnati da ke ci gaba da gudana daidai da muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi ƙasa da yanki. Haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin sassan gwamnati da masu zaman kansu yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don shawo kan matsalar. rarrabuwar tarihi wanda ke ci gaba da yin bincike a yankin.
Yankin bai warke daga tasirin tattalin arziki da annobar COVID-19 ta yi ba tukuna, wanda a shekarar 2020 ya haifar da raguwar kudaden bincike da ci gaba. Wannan ya kara ta'azzara ta hanyar raunin da aka riga aka samu a hukumomi, kamar rashin manufar ɗaurewa da rashin daidaito tsakanin hukumomin gwamnati da ke da alhakin rarraba albarkatu.
Waɗannan ƙalubalen yanzu suna fuskantar matsin lamba daga hauhawar farashin kaya, hauhawar bashi, da kuma sauya muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi kuɗi. Ba tare da kariya ta musamman da dorewa daga saka hannun jari a fannin STI ba, ƙasashen Latin Amurka suna fuskantar haɗarin rushe manyan ƙarfin kimiyya, faɗuwa a baya a gasar duniya ta kirkire-kirkire, da kuma rasa damar gina mafita ga matsalolin tsarin gida.
Inganta dorewar harkokin kuɗi na kimiyya, fasaha, da kirkire-kirkire a Latin Amurka yana buƙatar wuce matakan kasafin kuɗi na ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa ga tsarin samar da kuɗaɗen da suka fi ƙarfi da kuma hasashen da ake iya gani. Magance matsalolin tsarin da ake fuskanta a yanzu zai buƙaci ɗaukar matakai masu dacewa a fannoni daban-daban na manufofi.
Ci gaba da waɗannan matakan zai taimaka wajen samar da yanayi mai ɗorewa da kuma bambancin kuɗaɗen shiga, wanda zai ba da damar tsarin kimiyya na yankin ya yi aiki tare da ci gaba mai ɗorewa, daidaiton dabaru, da kuma tasiri na dogon lokaci.
Disclaimer
Bayanai, ra'ayoyi da shawarwarin da aka gabatar a cikin shafukan yanar gizon baƙi namu na masu ba da gudummawa ne kuma ba lallai bane su nuna dabi'u da imani na Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya.
Hotuna ta Sieuwert Otterloo on Unsplash
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