Bayan muhawara mai zafi da kin amincewa da daftarin yarjejeniyarta ta farko, Shugaban Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa na COP28 ya sami ci gaba ta hanyar cimma matsaya kan bukatar "canzawa daga burbushin mai". Ko da yake yarjejeniyar ta gaza da tsammanin samun “fitarwa” kai tsaye, tana tsaye a matsayin gagarumin ci gaba. Babu wani rubutu na COP da ya gabata da ya fito fili ya yi magana game da buƙatar ƙaura daga mai da iskar gas - tushen makamashi na farko waɗanda suka ƙarfafa tattalin arzikin duniya da al'ummomin shekaru da yawa. Wannan sabuwar yarjejeniya ta kafa abin koyi ga COPs na gaba kuma yana nuna alamar canji a halayen duniya game da makamashin burbushin halittu.
“Yarjejeniyar ta Cop28, yayin da take nuna bukatar kawo karshen zamanin burbushin mai, ta yi kasa a gwiwa ta hanyar gazawa wajen ganin an kawar da burbushin mai. Idan 1.5C shine 'tauraruwarmu ta arewa', kuma kimiyyar kamfas ɗinmu, dole ne mu hanzarta kawar da duk wani bututun mai don tsara hanyar zuwa gaba mai araha. Dole ne shugabannin duniya su ci gaba da haɗa kai cikin gaggawa tare da lalubo hanyoyin da za a bi don tinkarar wannan barazanar da ta wanzu. Kowace ranar jinkiri tana la'antar miliyoyin zuwa duniyar da ba za ta iya rayuwa ba. "
Mary Robinson, Shugabar Dattawa, tsohon shugaban ƙasar Ireland, kuma tsohon ISC Patron.
Ƙarfin kusan shekaru 70 na shiga cikin ilimin kimiyyar yanayi, Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya ta tuntubi COP tare da manufar ci gaba da mu'amala tsakanin kimiyya da manufofi don tallafawa ayyukan yanayi na tushen shaida, samar da ƙwarewar kimiyya ga masu tsara manufofi don tabbatar da cewa kimiyya tana kan gaba. tattaunawar taron.
"Akwai ma'anar gaggawa da azama a cikin COP28 game da wajibcin aiwatar da gaggawar rage fitar da hayaki don dakile dumamar yanayi. Duk da yake bayanin ƙarshe na iya zama bai karɓi wannan gaggawar gabaɗaya ba, ina ganin hakan a matsayin jinkiri maimakon watsi da abin da ke buƙatar faruwa - kuma ba makawa zai faru. "
Farfesa Detlef Stammer, Co-Shugaban Kwamitin Hadin gwiwar Kimiyya na Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya da ISC Fellow.
ISC ta fara ne ta hanyar tsara kama-da-wane "Tattaunawar Raba Ilimi” a ranar 4 ga Disamba, tare da ƙwararrun masana daga Ƙungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa - Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya (Farashin WCRP), Duniya ta gaba, Haɗin gwiwar Bincike akan Hadarin Bala'i (IRDR), Kwamitin Kimiyya akan Binciken Antarctic (SCAR), Tsarin Kula da Yanayi na Duniya (GCOS), da Tsarin Kula da Tekun Duniya (GOOS) - don raba sabbin abubuwan da suka faru a kimiyyar yanayi, gabatar da ayyukansu na flagship, da kuma tattauna damar da za a ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa a cikin ayyukan yanayi. Taron ya nuna aikin kimiyya mai ban mamaki da waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suka yi tare da nuna buƙatar ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa da haɓaka haɗin gwiwa na membobin ISC a cikin ayyukansu.
Don samar da masu tsara manufofi tare da sabuwar kimiyyar yanayi, ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar ISC guda biyu, Duniya ta gaba da WCRP, tare da haɗin gwiwar Ƙungiyar Duniya, sun tattara mahimman bayanai 10 daga binciken yanayi na kwanan nan. Hankali na 2023-2024 a bayyane yake: babu makawa muna kan hanyar da za ta zarce maƙasudin dumamar yanayi na 1.5°C a yarjejeniyar Paris. Rage wannan wuce gona da iri yana da mahimmanci don rage haɗarin duniya, kuma cimma shi yana buƙatar saurin kawar da albarkatun mai.
Sabbin Hankali Goma a Kimiyyar Yanayi
Kowace shekara, Duniya ta gaba, Ƙungiyar Duniya, da Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya (WCRP) suna kiran manyan malaman duniya don yin nazari akan mafi mahimmancin binciken binciken yanayi. Ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin kimiyya, waɗannan binciken an taƙaita su cikin fahimta guda 10, suna ba da jagora mai mahimmanci ga masu tsara manufofi da al'umma.
Future Earth's Global Carbon Project ya kaddamar da Kasafin Kudi na Carbon Duniya na 2023 yana nuna cewa iskar carbon da ake fitarwa a duniya daga burbushin mai ya sake karuwa a cikin 2023, sama da 1.1% daga 2022 - wanda ya kai matakin rikodin sautin biliyan 36.8 a cikin 2023.
Tsarin Kula da Yanayi na Duniya (GCOS) ya gabatar da sabbin abubuwan sabuntawa game da yanayin tsarin yanayi na duniya da ci gaba a cikin sa ido na tsari a lokacin Ranar Bayanin Duniya na COP. Kwamitin Kimiyya akan Binciken Antarctic (SCAR) ya gabatar da sakamakon na dogon lokaci hawan matakin teku da asarar ruwan tsaunuka sama da 1.5°C.
A ƙoƙari na haɗa ra'ayoyi daga ilimin zamantakewa a cikin muhawarar yanayi na duniya, ISC da Royal Society sun shirya wani taron gefe mai taken "Ingantacciyar Fahimtar Tasirin Tasirin Tattalin Arziki na Canjin Yanayi da Haɓaka Ayyukan Tushen Yanayi na Kimiyya” a ranar 6 ga Disamba. Taron ya binciko yadda ake amfani da nazarin tattalin arziki wajen sanar da yanke shawara kan manufofin yanayi da kuma hanzarta ayyukan yanayi bisa shaidar kimiyya.
Gina kan waɗannan batutuwa, ISC ta fitar da wani labarin da ke haskaka muhimmiyar rawar masana tattalin arziki da masana ilimin zamantakewa wajen ba da haske da jagora ga masu tsara manufofi da masu ruwa da tsaki, musamman wajen shawo kan matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da ke hana tasirin canjin yanayi da ƙoƙarin daidaitawa. Ta hanyar daidaita rata tsakanin shaidar kimiyya da zamantakewar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, masana tattalin arziki da masana kimiyya na zamantakewa zasu iya ba da basira mai mahimmanci da jagora ga masu tsara manufofi, suna taimakawa wajen hanzarta ci gaba zuwa makoma mai dorewa.
Ilimin kimiyya a sarari yake: rayuwa mai dorewa a cikin iyakokin duniya ba za a iya cimmawa ba tare da saurin kawar da albarkatun mai ba. Kamar yadda tattaunawar COP28 ta bayyana tana ƙarewa ba tare da wata cikakkiyar yarjejeniya ba game da matakan gaggawa da inganci, Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC) ta yi tambaya: "Me ke hana mu baya?" Amsar, ga alama, tana cikin fagen ilimin zamantakewa.
Hukumar ta COP ta fuskanci cece-kuce bayan kalaman shugaban COP28 Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, wanda ya bayyana cewa babu “kimiyya” da zai goyi bayan kiraye-kirayen kawar da albarkatun mai. Bayan sharhin, Future Earth da WCRP, sun fitar da wani sanarwa hadin gwiwa tara masana kimiya a duniya tare da jaddada babban ra'ayi tsakanin masana kimiyyar cewa saurin canji da nisa daga makamashin burbushin halittu yana da mahimmanci don iyakance dumamar yanayi zuwa digiri 1.5.
"Al'ummar kimiya sun tsaya tsayin daka wajen tantancewa cewa ana bukatar saurin canji mai nisa daga albarkatun mai don takaita dumamar yanayi zuwa 1.5 ° C, mahimmin kofa don gujewa mummunan tasirin sauyin yanayi. Babban yarjejeniya shi ne cewa wannan sauyin yana da yuwuwa kuma ya zama dole, kuma fa'idodin yin hakan ya zarce farashin da ake kashewa."
Duk da kalubalen da ake fuskanta, COP28 babu shakka ya bar tabo a tattaunawar sauyin yanayi ta duniya, wanda ke ba da damar ci gaba da kokarin hadin gwiwa don samun makoma mai dorewa. Mataki ne mai mahimmanci daga manufofin duniya don daidaitawa tare da shawarwarin yanayin yanayi na tushen kimiyya. A cikin shekaru da yawa, al'ummar kimiyya sun ci gaba da kasancewa tare, suna mai da hankali kan yuwuwa da wajibcin sauyin yanayi don dakile dumamar yanayi tare da kawar da mummunan tasirin sauyin yanayi.
"Babu shakka wannan COP ya tattara ƙarin haɗin gwiwa fiye da kowane lokaci don ɗimbin matakan aiwatar da sauyin yanayi. Fahimtar ta kasance mai ƙarfi motsi akan daidaitawa, Asara da lalacewa da Tsarin Abinci. Har ila yau, ya nuna bukatar tinkarar wasu matsaloli masu wuyar gaske, kamar yadda ya faru a fannin mai. A karon farko an san cewa dole ne a maye gurbin amfani da su kuma ya kamata mu yi hakan ta hanyoyi daban-daban, saboda kasashe suna da nauyi da iko daban-daban. Za a tuna da Dubai yayin da gwagwarmayar ta hadu da pragmatism. "
Farfesa Carlos Lopes, Farfesa a Makarantar Mulkin Jama'a na Mandela, Jami'ar Cape Town da ISC Fellow.
Da yake sa ido ga sauran taron yanayi na kasa da kasa da shirye-shiryen COP29 a Azerbaijan a cikin 2024, ISC ta ci gaba da jajircewa wajen tallafawa kimiyyar yanayi, da daidaita gibin da ke tsakanin kimiyya da manufofi, bayar da shawarwari kan aiwatar da sauyin yanayi na tushen shaida, da samar da kwarewar kimiyya ga masu tsara manufofi.
ISC ta fara jerin rukunin yanar gizon da ke jaddada buƙatar haɗa kai a cikin kowane nau'in ilimi da mutanen da suka ƙirƙiri wannan ilimin - ba tare da la'akari da dalilai kamar jinsi, launin fata, asalin tattalin arziki, wurin yanki, ko harshe ba. Don cikakkun hanyoyin warwarewa waɗanda suka dace da masu tsara manufofi kuma masu isa ga ƙarshen masu amfani a duk faɗin duniya, bambancin niyya yana da mahimmanci wajen tabbatar da cewa kowa yana da wurin zama a teburin.
Wannan silsilar wani bangare ne na kokarin da ake ci gaba da yi na nuna masu binciken Farko da Tsakanin Sana'a daga sassa daban-daban na duniya da suka tsunduma cikin nazarin fannoni daban-daban da suka shafi kimiyyar zamantakewa da tauri. Ya fara ne a lokacin Budaddiyar Taron Kimiyya na Kimiyyar Yanayi na Duniya kuma ya tsawaita ta hanyar COP 28, da nufin haɓaka ra'ayoyin muryoyin matasa kan ayyukan sauyin yanayi.
image da Canjin yanayi on Flickr
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