Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya a COP28
Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC), membobinta da abokan aikinta suna da hannu cikin al'amuran COP28 da yawa na hukuma da kuma taruka iri ɗaya. Bincika zurfin haɗin gwiwarmu, gami da dalla-dalla jerin abubuwan da suka faru da shawarwarin karatu nan.
Ilimin kimiyya a bayyane yake, ya kasance shekaru da yawa: yanayin duniyarmu yana ɗumamawa, kuma ayyukan ɗan adam, musamman kona albarkatun mai, sune farkon abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan canji. Bayan abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a COP28, Duniya ta gaba da Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya (WCRP), ƙungiyoyi biyu masu alaƙa na ISC, sun gudanar da taron. sanarwa daga masana kimiyya a duniya a mayar da martani ga tsokaci game da hanyoyin kawar da man fetur. Idan kai masanin kimiyya ne, zaka iya goyi bayan sanarwar da sa hannunka.
Babu shakka batun yana da sarkakiya, a cudanya tsakanin manufofi, yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa, da kuma bukatar muhimman sauye-sauyen al'umma - amma an samu ci gaba sosai, tare da rashin daidaito mai zurfi da ke fuskantar wasu yankuna tare da hadarin da bai dace ba na asara mai yawa, barna da kuma gudun hijirar tilastawa.
Shekaru da yawa yanzu, ƙungiyoyin kimiyya na kasa da kasa da na tsaka-tsaki, irin su Ƙungiyar gwamnatoci kan sauyin yanayi (IPCC), suna ba da mafi kyawun shaidar kimiyya, suna kira ga gwamnatoci da su ɗauki matakin duniya don rage tasirin sauyin yanayi.
Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC), da magabacinta, Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ICSU), ta kasance kan gaba a fannin kimiyyar yanayi, gudanar da bincike, sanar da manufofi da kuma majagaba wasu manyan shirye-shiryen da aka mayar da hankali kan kimiyyar yanayi, wanda ke da alhakin da yawa. na ilimin yanayi da hanyoyin sa ido da ake amfani da su a yau.
Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya da magabata sun kasance kan gaba a fannin kimiyyar yanayi, suna jagorantar manyan tsare-tsare na kasa da kasa, da tsaka-tsakin tsakani da sauye-sauye. Wadannan tsare-tsare ba wai kawai sun haɓaka fahimtarmu game da canjin yanayi ba amma sun kuma ba wa masu tsara manufofi da ingantaccen ilimin kimiyya, suna tsara shawarwarin da suka dace don ƙarin dorewa nan gaba sama da shekaru 60.
Salvatore Aricò, Shugaba
Har zuwa tsakiyar 1950s, haɗin gwiwar kimiyya na kasa da kasa da na tsaka-tsakin yanayi ya iyakance. Sanarwar da ICSU ta yi na shekarar Geophysical ta kasa da kasa a cikin 1957 ta nuna canji, yayin da ta ba da damar daidaitawa da lura da kimiyyar duniya game da abubuwan da suka faru na geophysical, gami da ba da gudummawar ma'aunin ma'aunin carbon dioxide na yanayi (CO2) na Charles David Keeling - wanda aka sani a yau a matsayin " Keeling Curve". Daga baya, ICSU ta yi aiki tare da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya (WMO) don kafa Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya (GARP) a cikin 1967, yana haɓaka ci gaba a kimiyyar yanayi da ƙirar yanayi. Wannan nasarar ta share hanya don Shirin Tsarin Yanayi na Duniya (WCP) a cikin 1979, wanda daga baya ya haifar da Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya.Farashin WCRP) – ɗaya daga cikin Ƙungiyoyin Haɗin kai na ISC. Tun da aka ƙirƙira ta, WCRP ta ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba mai mahimmanci a kimiyyar yanayi, kamar fahimtar mu game da abubuwan El Niño.
A cikin 1988, amsa buƙatar ƙungiyar kimiyya mai zaman kanta don sanar da yanke shawara, WMO da Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP) sun haɗu tare da ƙungiyar gwamnatocin gwamnatoci kan sauyin yanayi (IPCC) - ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kimiyya da manufofi kan sauyin yanayi. Tun da aka kirkiro IPCC, ICSU tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin koyarwa da cibiyoyin sadarwar kimiyya masu alaƙa sun ba da babbar gudummawar kimiyya ga duk kimantawar IPCC kuma sun sanar da tsarin manufofin UNFCCC tun daga farko.
Shekarar Duniya ta Duniya (IPY) wani shirin kimiyya ne na kasa da kasa wanda ICSU ta qaddamar, yana shiga don ƙirƙirar gagarumin ci gaba don haɗin gwiwar kimiyyar canji, tallafin bincike da aiwatar da canjin yanayi. Tare da Kwamitin Kimiyya akan Binciken Antarctic (SCAR) da Kwamitin Kimiyya na Arctic na Duniya (IASC), ISC ta fara tsara tsarin tsarin. IPY mai zuwa a cikin 2032-33.
Shekaru 60 na sauƙaƙe bincike da manufofin sanar da canjin yanayi
Wannan daftarin aiki yana nuna manyan gudummawar da ISC (tsohon ICSU) da al'ummarta na kimiyya suka bayar ga ci gaban kimiyyar yanayi, kuma ya bayyana yadda tsarin ISC na sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwar bincike don sanar da ci gaban manufofin ya samo asali akan lokaci.
A yau, ISC na ci gaba da ba da gudummawar shirye-shiryen yanayi ta hanyar Ƙungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa, waɗanda ke aiki tare don cike gibin ilimi da haɓaka ayyukan canji. Yin aiki a matsayin dandamali da hanyoyin sadarwa na duniya, suna tara masana kimiyya a duk fannoni da ƙasashe don haɓaka kimiyyar yanayi da ba da shawarar manufofi.
? Tattaunawar Raba Ilimin Kaya akan Canjin Yanayi
A lokacin COP28, ISC za ta karbi bakuncin tattaunawa ta raba ilimi, hada kan manyan shirye-shiryen yanayi don nuna ci gaban da aka samu a kimiyyar yanayi da kuma tattauna damar haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa. ? Litinin, 4 Disamba? 14:00 zuwa 15:30 UTC. Muna gayyatar duk masu ruwa da tsaki na kimiyyar yanayi don halarta ta yin rijista nan.
Ƙaddamar a 2015, Duniya ta gaba wani shiri ne na kasa da kasa don samar wa masana kimiyya, masu bincike, da masu kirkire-kirkire tsarin bincike na duniya kan bincike mai dorewa don hanzarta sauye-sauye zuwa dorewar duniya da kuma rayuwa mai dorewa a cikin iyakokin duniyarmu. Duniya ta gaba ta gina sama da shekaru talatin na binciken canjin muhalli na duniya kuma ta ci gaba da fara aikin kimiyyar yanayi tare da sakinsa "10 Sabbin Hanyoyi a Kimiyyar Yanayi"An sake shi a lokacin COPs na yanayi, tare da Babban Sakatare na UNFCCC da Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya.Farashin WCRP).
Sabbin Hankali Goma a Kimiyyar Yanayi
Kowace shekara, Duniya ta gaba, Ƙungiyar Duniya, da Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya (WCRP) suna kiran manyan malaman duniya don yin nazari akan mafi mahimmancin binciken binciken yanayi. Ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin kimiyya, waɗannan binciken an taƙaita su cikin fahimta guda 10, suna ba da jagora mai mahimmanci ga masu tsara manufofi da al'umma.
Manufar WCRP ita ce sauƙaƙe bincike da hasashen canjin yanayin yanayi na duniya don haɓaka ainihin fahimtar kimiyya game da tsarin yanayi na zahiri da tsarin yanayi da sanin girman tasirin ɗan adam akan yanayi. An kafa shi a cikin 1980 ta ICSU da WMO kuma tare da Hukumar Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) ta UNESCO a cikin 1993. WCRP ita ce mafi dadewa kuma kawai shiri ne kawai wanda aka sadaukar don daidaitawa na bincike na yanayi na duniya kuma ya haɓaka iliminmu game da yanayi sosai. . WCRP ta aza harsashi na zahiri don fahimta da tsinkaya abubuwan da suka faru na El Niño. Hakanan ya inganta samfuran yanayi sosai, waɗanda ke zama tushen bincike da ƙima na duniya. Bugu da ƙari, shirin ya haɓaka bayanan yanayi na yanki da na duniya, yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen fahimtar mahimman hanyoyin sauyin yanayi.
A cikin 2023, yayin taron budadden yanayi na biyu, WCRP ta tattara wakilai 1,400 a fannin kimiyyar yanayi a Kigali, Rwanda, don kira ga malamai, gwamnatoci da masana'antu su hada kai kan hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi tare da yin kira ga masana kimiyya a Kudancin Duniya da su taka rawar gani a kimiyyar yanayi.
"Yayin da Afirka ke daukar nauyi mafi nauyi na tasirin sauyin yanayi, duk da bayar da gudummawar kasa da kashi 5% na hayaki mai gurbata yanayi a duniya, yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa muryoyin Afirka sun himmatu wajen tsara tsarin bincike da aiki."
Shugaban ISC Peter Gluckman, a taron WCRP
A cikin 1957, ICSU ta ƙirƙira Kwamitin Kimiyya akan Binciken Oceanic.SCOR), ƙungiyarsa ta farko ta dindindin ta interdisciplinary, don mai da hankali kan kimiyyar ruwa da kuma tekunan duniya. SCOR yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka fahimtarmu game da tekuna, wanda ya ƙunshi sassan jiki, sinadarai, ilimin halitta, da yanayin ƙasa. Bayan shekara guda, ICSU ta kafa Kwamitin Kimiyya akan Binciken Antarctic (SCAR). Ana tuhumar SCAR da ƙaddamarwa, haɓakawa da daidaita ingantaccen bincike na kimiyya na ƙasa da ƙasa a yankin Antarctic (ciki har da Tekun Kudu), da kuma rawar da yankin Antarctic ke takawa a cikin tsarin Duniya. A bara, sun saki nasu Rahoton flagship "Canjin Yanayi na Antarctic da Muhalli", ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun fahimta na yanzu, da kuma bayyanuwa shawarwari don magance canji, da kuma cike giɓin ilimin tare da ƙarin bincike.
Tsarin Kula da Tekun Duniya (GOOS), wanda IOC ya kafa a cikin 1991, shirin haɗin gwiwa ne na kasa da kasa wanda ke nufin samar da ci gaba da cikakkiyar ra'ayi game da yanayin tekunan duniya. Shekara guda bayan haka, WMO, IOC, UNEP da ICSU sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna don kafa Tsarin Kula da Yanayi na Duniya.GCOS). GCOS na nufin ci gaba da dorewar sa ido kan sauyin yanayi, ganowa da fahimtar dalilansa, yin ƙoƙari don yin ƙira da hasashen tsarin yanayin da kuma lura da tasirin ragewa da manufofin daidaitawa.
Duk waɗannan Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Za su ba da taƙaitaccen bincike na sabon binciken da suka yi game da sauyin yanayi a cikin mai zuwa Tattaunawar Ilimi ta COP28, wanda aka shirya a ranar Litinin, 4 ga Disamba.
Don kiyaye 1.5 C a cikin isar da rabi a cikin shekaru bakwai masu zuwa, halin da ake ciki yana buƙatar canzawa. A cikin wannan neman, Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya ta fara jerin shafukan yanar gizon da ke jaddada buƙatar haɗa kai a cikin kowane nau'in ilimi da mutanen da suka ƙirƙiri wannan ilimin - ba tare da la'akari da dalilai kamar jinsi, launin fata, asalin tattalin arziki, wurin yanki, ko harshe ba. Don cikakkun hanyoyin warwarewa waɗanda suka dace da masu tsara manufofi kuma masu isa ga ƙarshen masu amfani a duk faɗin duniya, bambancin niyya yana da mahimmanci wajen tabbatar da cewa kowa yana da wurin zama a teburin.
Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya ta yarda da mahimmancin kimar haɓaka muryoyin masana kimiyyar yanayi na farko da tsakiyar aiki. Suna ba da gudummawar fahimta mai kima, ƙirƙira, da himma mai zurfi don tunkarar ƙalubalen dorewar da muke fuskanta. Haɗin ra'ayoyinsu yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙira hanyoyin magance yanayi mai tasiri.
Salvatore Aricò, Shugaba
Wannan silsilar wani bangare ne na kokarin da ake ci gaba da yi na nuna masu binciken Farko da Tsakanin Sana'a daga sassa daban-daban na duniya da suka tsunduma cikin nazarin fannoni daban-daban da suka shafi kimiyyar zamantakewa da tauri. Ya fara ne a lokacin Budaddiyar Taron Kimiyya na Kimiyyar Yanayi na Duniya kuma ya tsawaita ta hanyar COP 28, da nufin haɓaka ra'ayoyin muryoyin matasa kan ayyukan sauyin yanayi.
Matsayin ɗan adam na rage haɗarin bala'i: ilimin zamantakewa da daidaita yanayin yanayi
A cikin wannan labarin, Dokta Roché Mahon, masanin kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma wanda ya ƙware a kan yanayi, ya nuna yadda ilimin zamantakewa zai iya inganta yanayin yanayin yadda ya kamata da kuma ceton rayuka.
Haɗin kai na duniya don adalcin yanayi: ra'ayoyi daga mai binciken aikin farko
A cikin wannan labarin, Dokta Leandro Diaz, masanin ilimin yanayi daga Argentina, ya ba da ra'ayinsa game da haɗin kai na duniya don adalcin yanayi.
Daga damina farin ciki zuwa tsoro: rikicin yanayi tada
A cikin wannan labarin, Dr. Shipra Jain, masanin kimiyyar lissafi da climatologist daga Indiya, ta bayyana zuciyarta game da sauyin yanayi da tasirinsa ga al'umma.
Hotuna ta Christoph Schulz ne adam wata on Unsplash.
Kara karantawa game da An bude sabon asusun bincike don magance matsalar sharar gida a yankin Asiya da Pacific 
Kara karantawa game da Norway za ta dauki nauyin ofishin hadin gwiwa na shekara ta Polar ta duniya karo na biyar, tare da hadin gwiwar Jamhuriyar Koriya da Chile Kara karantawa game da shugabannin Pacific da masu bincike sun haɗu don ƙarfafa juriyar tsarin abinci kafin COP31 