Yaƙi da mujallolin mafarauta da taro ta hanyar canjin tsari a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya

Adadin mujallolin mafarauta ya fashe a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da kaddamar da kusan 150 a kowane wata a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, wanda ya kara da yawa. 15,000 mujallolin macizai akwai yau. Adadin duk mujallolin - masu daraja da masu farauta - sun ƙaru sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sakamakon ƙididdigewa da karuwar adadin masu bincike a duniya, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna buƙatar 'buga ko halaka' don ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan bincike. Tsarin wallafe-wallafen masana, da zarar an kwatanta shi ta hanyar buga magnate Robert Maxwell kamar yadda 'na'ura ta har abada kudi', a buɗe don cin gajiyar waɗanda ke neman riba ta hanyoyin da ba su dace ba.

Lokacin da IAP ta bincika masu bincike daga ko'ina cikin duniya, 14% na masu amsa 1,800 sun raba cewa sun buga a cikin mujallolin masu cin zarafi ko kuma sun shiga cikin tarurrukan cin zarafi, tare da yawancin suna cewa ba su sani ba a lokacin. Ƙarin 10% na waɗanda aka amsa ba su da tabbacin ko sun shiga cikin wallafe-wallafe ko taro.

Idan masu binciken binciken sun kasance irin na masu bincike a duk faɗin duniya, zai biyo baya cewa wasu masu bincike miliyan 1.2 sun buga a cikin mujallu na cin zarafi ko kuma sun shiga cikin tarurrukan mafarauta, wanda ya yi daidai da biliyoyin daloli a cikin kasafin bincike na ɓarna da sa'o'i na ɓata lokaci. Mujallu na yaudara da tarurruka na iya zuwa ta nau'i daban-daban, kuma rahoton IAP ya ba da shawarar yin tunani game da ɗabi'a iri-iri, daga zamba da yaudara da gangan (kamar allunan edita na ƙarya), zuwa ƙananan inganci ko ayyuka masu tambaya (kamar zaɓin 'sauri mai sauri). 'kudade don saurin bita na abokan gaba don ingantaccen bugawa).

A yayin da bincike daga farkon wannan shekaru goma ya nuna cewa, akasarin kasidu a cikin mujallolin masu farauta sun samo asali ne daga Asiya da Afirka, mawallafin rahoton sun yi nuni da hujjojin baya-bayan nan da ke nuni da cewa fadada fannin bincike a kasashe masu arzikin man fetur kan kungiyar hadin kan musulmi ta OIC. ) lissafin yana ƙara faɗuwa ga ayyukan farauta.[i] Rahoton ya kuma yi gargadin cewa, bai kamata a rika kallon Turai da Arewacin Amurka a matsayin ‘yankin ta’aziyya’ da buga namun daji ya shafa ba; A Jamus, alal misali, an ba da rahoton cewa bugu na yau da kullun ya karu sau biyar tun shekara ta 2013. Kuma inda aka haɗa amincewa da kudade a cikin mujallolin masu farauta, wanda aka fi sani da mai ba da kuɗi shine Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka (NIH).

Dukkanin fannonin bincike na kimiyyar halitta da na zamantakewa da alama sun shafi wallafe-wallafen da ba a iya gani ba, amma wallafe-wallafen bai dace ba a kan waɗanne fannonin da suka fi mujallu na cin zarafi. Da alama an yi niyya ne musamman kan lamuran kiwon lafiya, tare da The Economist ya ba da rahoton babban karuwa a cikin adadin mujallolin mafarauta da aka ƙaddamar a cikin ilimin kimiyyar lafiya tun daga 2018. Wannan yana da damuwa musamman idan aka yi la'akari da cewa mujallu na yaudara kuma na iya tallafawa yada rashin inganci ko sakamako na jabu, kuma a ƙarshe ya lalata amincin jama'a ga kimiyya.

Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa mafi yawan waɗanda suka amsa binciken sun bayyana cewa dole ne a magance ayyukan farauta, kuma sun ƙarfafa IAP ta haɗa ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na duniya don wannan manufa.

Domin cimma wannan buri, marubutan rahoton sun fara gano manyan manajojin mujallu da tarurrukan ilimi guda uku:

• karuwar kuɗi da tallace-tallace na masana'antun masana'antu, wanda abubuwan mallakar mallaka da na kasuwanci a cikin tsarin wallafe-wallafen na iya yin rikici da amincin bincike;
• tsarin tantancewa na bincike waɗanda ke darajar yawa akan inganci, da kuma direbobin hukumomi da abubuwan ƙarfafawa waɗanda ke siffanta halayen masu bincike guda ɗaya;
• raunin da ya faru a cikin tsarin bita na ƙwararru, musamman rashin gaskiya a cikin tsarin nazari na tsara da kuma rashin horo, iyawa da kuma amincewa da masu bitar takwarorinsu.

Da yake jawabi a wajen kaddamar da rahoton, memban kwamitin gudanarwa na ISC kuma shugaban kungiyar ISC Aikin Buga Na Kimiyya na gaba, Geoffrey Boulton, ya amince da cewa wallafe-wallafen da aka fi sani da wallafe-wallafen na ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan da ke da alaƙa da ke fuskantar wallafe-wallafen kimiyya, kuma ana buƙatar canjin tsarin don biyan bukatun al'ummar kimiyya.

Tsarin kasuwanci na wallafe-wallafen kimiyya - wanda ya tabbatar da fa'ida ga masu wallafe-wallafen - an gina shi ne a kan ɗaukar sakamakon binciken da aka samu a bainar jama'a, in ji Boulton, wanda ke ƙarƙashin ingantattun tsare-tsare na tantance bincike da ƙarfafawa ga masu bincike. Dole ne a aiwatar da matakan da za a magance bala'in wallafe-wallafe tare da manyan matakai don gyara wallafe-wallafen masana, kamar waɗanda aka bincika a cikin Rahoton ISC. Bude Rubutun Kimiyya.

Mahimmanci, in ji Boulton, "muna buƙatar samar da tsarin mulki wanda zai dace da al'ummar kimiyya da cibiyoyinsa," maimakon barin wani yanki mai mahimmanci na tsarin kimiyya a hannun masu ba da izini. Ya bukaci IAP da sauran abokan hadin gwiwa da su yi aiki tare a kan batutuwan da suka shafi duniya, samun daidaiton adalci, riƙe haƙƙin mallaka, tantance bincike da buga bayanai.

"Bude kimiyar, wanda aka tsara shi sosai a cikin shawarwarin UNESCO na baya-bayan nan, zai zama mafarki idan ba mu sake fasalin wallafe-wallafe ba."

Geoffrey Boulton ne adam wata

Wannan kira na yin garambawul da aiki na hadin gwiwa na iya fatan samun goyon baya daga dimbin wadanda suka halarci taron kaddamar da rahoton, wadanda suka kada kuri'ar amincewa da daukar mataki kan wallafe-wallafen da aka yi a zaben da aka raba a karshen taron.

A yayin rufe taron, da kuma yin la'akari da shawarwarin da rahoton ya bayar ga dukkan masu ruwa da tsaki, shugaban IAP Richard Catlow ya kara da muryarsa ga kiran yin aiki kan manyan batutuwan da ke fuskantar wallafe-wallafen kimiyya da aka bayyana a yayin taron, kuma ya dauki nauyin ci gaba da aiki. akan wayar da kan jama'a tare da membobin IAP.

Kalli cikakken rikodin ƙaddamar da rahoton:

Yi bidiyo

Karin Albarkatun

• Nemi ƙarin game da Aikin IAP akan Yakar Mujallu na Ilimi da Taro
• Nemi ƙarin game da Aikin ISC akan Makomar Buga Ilimin Kimiyya
• Nemi ƙarin game da Shawarar UNESCO akan Budaddiyar Kimiyya

Kuna iya sha'awar

Ƙarfafa amincin bincike: Matsayi da nauyin bugawa

Takarda ta lokaci-lokaci ta ISC ta Michael Barber.

[i] A baya-bayan nan an janye wannan madogarar sakamakon shawarwarin da suka nuna cewa binciken ba shi da tushe, wanda marubutan suka fafata. Duba cikin Cikakken rahoton don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai da hanyoyin haɗi zuwa tushen asali.

Hoton Quinn Dombrowski ta hanyar Flickr.