Ɗauki ƙaramin ƙauyen Alaskan na Shishmaref; An yi rikodin ambaliya goma da kuma 11 mai tsanani abubuwan da suka faru na zaizayar teku tsakanin 1973 da 2015. Wadannan matsalolin yanayi sun yi mummunar tasiri a ƙauyen, tare da al'amuran yanayi da dama sun ayyana gaggawa na jihohi da tarayya. Gurbacewar gabar tekun ya sa gine-gine suka ruguje cikin teku, kuma gurbacewar iska ta haifar da nutsewar gidaje tare da fasa tituna.
Masifu na yanayi kamar waɗanda aka fuskanta a Shishmaref da sauran al'ummomin Arctic sun jaddada buƙatar daidaitawa. Manufar dabarun daidaitawa shine don daidaitawa ko guje wa cutarwa da ke da alaƙa da tasirin yanayi (IPCC, 2018), kuma ana iya dacewa da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara zuwa iri uku: tsari mai tsari, wanda ba shi da tsari, ko kuma waɗanda aka nuna a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa:
| Ma'anar da rarrabuwa | Misalai don rage rauni a aikace | amfanin | drawbacks |
| Tsarin (tsarin daidaitawa) Canjin ababen more rayuwa ko haɓakawa wanda aka yi niyya don haɓaka juriyar al'umma ga tasirin yanayi (Wenger, 2015) | Don kare jiki daga guguwa da guguwa, zaizayar gabar teku, hawan matakin teku, narkewar permafrost da sulke na gabar tekun ambaliya da tashoshi na magudanar ruwa na bangon teku damsdykeselevated insulators (stilts) zafi insulators. | Saurin da aka saba amfani da shi kuma an fahimce shi da sauri don girka Haɗe da ma'anar tsaro na bayyane | Haɗe da rigidityCapital intensiveCostly don kiyaye Ba da gudummawa ga lalata muhalli |
| Matakan da ba na Tsari ba (mai laushi mai laushi) Matakan da ke mai da hankali kan halayen ɗan adam da nufin ba da izinin ci gaba da amfani da yankuna masu rauni ta hanyar sarrafa haɗarin yanayi da farko ta hanyar tsarawa, gami da ƙa'idodin amfani da ƙasa da haɓakawa (Harman et al., 2015) | Don rage hasashe ga guguwa, yazawar bakin teku, narkewar permafrost, hawan teku da ambaliyar ruwa da aka shirya ƙaura ko ja da baya da aka yi amfani da ƙasa da kuma sarrafa gine-ginen ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun bene ya karu da koma baya inshora kulawar gaggawa. | Mafi girman sassaucin ra'ayi game da barazanar sauyin yanayi Mafi tsada mai tasiri fiye da daidaitawa na tsari | Shingayen zamantakewa suna ƙalubalantar aiwatarwa Dangane da matsalolin hukumomi da na siyasa |
| Abubuwan da suka dogara da yanayin muhalli (daidaita sassauƙa) Dabarun kariya waɗanda ke ba da damar daidaitawa da ke da alaƙa da sabis na yanayin muhalli (Wilson & Forsyth, 2018; Jones et al., 2012) | Don rage tasirin guguwa, yazawar bakin teku, hawan matakin teku, da ambaliyar ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki a bakin teku da kuma maido da gandun daji na tsirran ruwa. | Mara hankali a yanayi Mai yuwuwar haɓaka lafiyar yanayin muhalli Ƙarin nishaɗi da damar ƙawata | Iyakantaccen fahimtar yadda ake kimar ayyukan muhalli a ma'aunin kuɗi |
Table 1. Hanyoyin daidaitawa. Tsarin tsari, marasa tsari, da hanyoyin tushen muhalli an bayyana su kuma an rarraba su tare da misalan da aka bayar bisa ga raunin yanayi. Ana gabatar da fa'idodi da fa'idodi ga kowace hanya (Bonnett & Birchall, 2020).
Al'ummomin bakin teku a cikin Arctic galibi suna dogaro da gyare-gyaren tsari, gami da bangon teku, dutsen sulke da dykes don tinkarar karuwar hauhawar guguwa, zaizayar gabar teku da ambaliya. Duk da haka, matakan daidaita tsarin kawai ba hanya ce mai dorewa ba don rage rauni a Arewa: suna da tsauri, masu tsada don shigarwa da kulawa, kuma suna da wuyar lalacewa a cikin mummunan yanayi na Arctic.
gyare-gyaren da ba na tsari ba, irin su matsananciyar koma baya da ka'idojin ci gaba, ba a yi amfani da su akai-akai a cikin al'ummomin Arewa. Koyaya, waɗannan matakai masu laushi suna ba da dama da dama don rage rauni, saboda sun fi sassauƙa kuma ba su da tsada fiye da daidaitawa, kuma suna iya fitar da ci gaba yadda ya kamata daga wurare masu haɗari. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa gyare-gyaren da ba na tsarin ba sun rasa manyan ƙalubale. Gudanar da ja da baya ko ƙaura, musamman, ana kallon ya zama mafi tsauri kuma mai rikitarwa mara tsari. Kauyen Shishmaref yana shirin matsar da daukacin al'umma zuwa wani wurin da ya fi dacewa a cikin kasa tun 1976, amma duk da haka tsarin ja da baya ya samu jinkiri sosai sakamakon shingaye da dama, gami da tsadar tsadar da ake kashewa wajen sake tsugunar da muhimman ayyuka da ababen more rayuwa, da jin tabarbarewar zamantakewa. .
Nau'in dabarun daidaitawa na uku da muke bincikowa, hanyoyin da suka dogara da yanayin muhalli, sabbin abubuwa ne masu dorewa waɗanda ke ba da damar daidaitawa ta yanayin yanayin yanayi kamar wuraren dausayi. Irin wannan nau'in daidaitawa mai laushi yana da wahala a cikin Arctic, saboda rashin bambance-bambance a wuraren dausayi da nau'in 'injiniya' na halittu (kamar mussels). wanda zai iya siffanta yanayin dausayi don taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa tsarin halittu. Amma duk da haka hanyoyin muhalli-duk da haka yana yiwuwa.
Canjin yanayi yana kulle-kulle, kuma ga ƙananan al'ummomin bakin teku a cikin Arctic, wannan yana nufin ci gaba da rauni da fuskantar haɗarin yanayi. Koyaya, al'ummomin arewa za su iya haɓaka juriyarsu ta hanyar ɗorewa da ɗimbin dabarun daidaitawa. Wannan ba yana nufin ya kamata a kawar da gyare-gyaren tsarin ba, a maimakon haka, al'ummomin bakin teku za su iya amfani da tsarin da ake da su a hade tare da gyare-gyare mai laushi don haifar da amsa mai karfi ga matsalolin yanayi. Misali, yanayin yanayin gabar teku da aka kiyaye da kyau a gefen teku na bangon teku da ake da shi zai iya sha tare da watsar da makamashin igiyar ruwa, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen rage yuwuwar tsarin ya lalace ko ya mamaye shi. Dabarun daidaitawa na iya zama mafi ɗorewa da tasiri wajen rage raunin yanayi lokacin da aka haɗa su tare da yin aiki tare, ƙarfafa tarin kariyar kadarori da mazauna.
Don ƙarin tattaunawa, duba:
Bonnett, N., & Birchall, SJ (2020). Al'ummomin bakin teku a cikin Circumpolar Arewa da buƙatar dorewar hanyoyin daidaita yanayin yanayi. Manufar Ruwa, 121, 104175.
Hoto daga Lawrence Hislop: Rushewar dutsen yashi a gefen Shishmaref, Alaska (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
Kara karantawa game da Kyautar Frontiers Planet, bugu na biyar - Aikace-aikacen suna buɗe har zuwa 1 ga Nuwamba 2026
Kara karantawa game da An bude sabon asusun bincike don magance matsalar sharar gida a yankin Asiya da Pacific
Kara karantawa game da Norway za ta dauki nauyin ofishin hadin gwiwa na shekara ta Polar ta duniya karo na biyar, tare da hadin gwiwar Jamhuriyar Koriya da Chile
